Mechanism of polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation on a simulated fly ash surface

Liu, Wenxia; Zheng, Minghui; Liu, Wenbin; Gao, Lian; Su, Guoshao; Zhang, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.070

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Both of the number of PCDE congener species and the amount of total PCDEs were greater under nitrogen than under air on the surface of SiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 . This indicates that the presence of oxygen can prevent the production of PCDEs during the reactions of PCP and 1,2,4,5-Cl 4 Bz on the SiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 surface, which was consistent with the results on the surface of SiO 2 (Liu et al 2011). Other competitive reaction pathways may be available in the reaction system.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The reaction products were extracted, identified, and then quantified using an Agilent 6890 GC equipped with a 5973 MSD (Liu et al 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of particular note are those produced from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) (Koistinen et al 1995b;Passivirta et al 1986;Kurz and Ballschmiter 1995;Olie et al 1977), which are known to be major sources of PCDEs and PCDD/Fs. PCDEs and PCDD/Fs become concentrated in fly ash by post-combustion processes, forming in the presence of oxygen, their precursors, and chlorine sources (Liu et al , 2011Addink and Olie 1995;Tuppurainen et al 1998). Therefore, an understanding of the post-combustion mechanism that generates chlorinated aromatic compounds, including PCDEs and PCDD/Fs, is essential for protecting human health, given the persistence of these compounds in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are far fewer accounts of the formation of PCDEs compared with PCDD/Fs. Some work has been done to describe the formation of PCDEs in the post-combustion zone of MSWIs (Liu et al 2011). The combustion temperature of MSWIs is usually very high (700-900°C), whereas chlorinated aromatic compounds are formed readily at the lower temperature (250-400°C ) of post-combustion zones (Milligan and Altwicker 1996;Mckay 2002), and their formation is strongly influenced by traces of metallic compounds in the real fly ash of MSWIs (Fujimori et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of iron and copper oxides on polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation in heterogeneous reactions

Liu

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polychlorinated diphenyl ether (PCDE) has attracted great attention recently as an important type of environmental pollutant. The influence of iron and copper oxides on formation of PCDEs was investigated using laboratory-scale flow reactors under air and under nitrogen at 350°C, a temperature corresponding to the post-combustion zone of a municipal solid waste incinerator. The results show that the 2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′,6-otachlorodiphenyl ether (OCDE) formed from the condensation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (Cl 4

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The reaction products were extracted, identified, and then quantified using an Agilent 6890 GC equipped with a 5973 MSD (Liu et al 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of iron and copper oxides on polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation in heterogeneous reactions

Liu

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…3 The formation of PCDD/Fs has been investigated in many laboratory simulation studies, and the reaction times used in those studies ranged from a few minutes to hours (Lasagni et al 2013;Lenoir et al 2012;Liu et al 2011). The raw materials are added to the furnace in several batches during a real SeCu process, so the feeding and fusion stage will take several hours (Hu et al 2013b).…”

Section: Quality Control and Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Secondary copper smelting (SeCu) is widely considered to be an important source of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs; PCDD/Fs). Laboratory experiments were performed using SeCu fly ash as a matrix for thermochemical reactions to investigate the effects of fly ash on the formation of PCDD/Fs and the potential mechanisms. Thermochemical reactions on SeCu fly ash over a temperature range of 250-450°C and reaction times of 10-120 min caused the PCDD/F concentrations in the fly ash to increase significantly. The PCDD/F concentrations formed in the thermal reactions were about 99-139 times higher than the PCDD/F concentrations in the original fly ash, clearly indicating that fly ash promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs. The PCDFs dominated the PCDDs, and the PCDF/PCDD concentration ratio was about 30-40. Octachlorodibenzofuran ( O C D F ) , o c t a c h l o r o d i b e n z o -p -d i o x i n , a n d t h e heptachlorodibenzofurans were the most dominant homologs that were formed. A comparison of the PCDD/F patterns produced in the thermochemical reactions and the patterns in the original fly ash suggested that the chlorination of less chlorinated PCDFs might be an important pathway in the formation of higher chlorinated furans. The results of this study indicated that SeCu fly ash has a high PCDD/F formation potential. It is crucial to have the fly ash filter at low temperature and that fly ash in the cooling system should be minimized.

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Theoretical investigations on direct photolysis mechanisms of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

et al. 2014

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Mechanism of polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation on a simulated fly ash surface

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Influence of iron and copper oxides on polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation in heterogeneous reactions

Influence of iron and copper oxides on polychlorinated diphenyl ether formation in heterogeneous reactions

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Theoretical investigations on direct photolysis mechanisms of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

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