Mechanism of Polyurethane Binder Curing Reaction and Evaluation of Polyurethane Mixture Properties

Sun, Mingyue; Bi, Yi; Zhuang, Wei; Sai, Chen; Zhao, Ping; Pang, Dezheng; Zhang, Wensheng

doi:10.3390/coatings11121454

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The reason for this is that asphalt is a temperature-sensitive binder. Increases in the temperature lead to a transition of asphalt from an elastic state to a viscous state, which affects its mechanical properties [ 16 ]. The strength of the PU mixture is formed by the curing reaction of the PU binder, which is irreversible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, according to the ultimate bearing capacity and stress level, the control stresses of the five mixtures are calculated. Previous studies have shown that the fatigue life of PU mixtures is long [ 16 , 17 ], so the stress levels of asphalt mixtures are 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, and the stress levels of PU mixtures are 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7.…”

Section: Test Scheme and Calculation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the 4 cm SMA-13 mixture is used as the upper layer of the pavement, and this study focuses on the structural design of the middle and lower layers. Previous studies have shown that PU mixtures have significant elastic properties, and their dynamic modulus is obviously larger [ 16 , 17 ]. Therefore, the thickness of the PU mixture layers is appropriately reduced in the design of the pavement structure.…”

Section: Test Scheme and Calculation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to traditional mixtures, PU mixtures have better durability, temperature stability, waterproof properties, and crack resistance, which can reduce maintenance frequency [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. However, as a new type of road construction material, the conventional pavement structure design method is not applicable [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanical properties of PU mixtures and their composite pavement load response behaviour, providing a basis for the structural design of PU mixture pavement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Mixture and Load Response Behaviour of Polyurethane Composite Pavement

Zhuang

Liu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Finite element numerical simulation calculation of pavement structure load response is widely applied; however, there is still a lack of research on the polyurethane (PU) mixture composite pavement load response. The mechanical characteristics of PU mixture composite pavement are not well understood, and there is a lack of research on typical pavement structures of PU mixtures, which limits their application in pavement structures. Therefore, herein, the mechanical properties of PU mixtures are analysed using the dynamic modulus test, uniaxial penetration test, and fatigue test. Further, the finite element theory calculation method is used to realize the load response calculation of orthogonal design composite pavement structure. The results show that PU mixtures exhibit more obvious elastic characteristics and have good shear resistance, fatigue stability, and temperature stability, and can be used as shear and anti-fatigue layers. The structure of ‘4 cm SMA-13 + 5 cm PUM-20 + 6 cm PUM-25 + semi-rigid base’ is recommended for the PU mixture composite structure. In comparison to typical asphalt pavement, the analysis shows that except for shear stress, temperature has little effect on the load response of PU composite pavement structures, while high temperatures lead to a significant increase in the load response of typical asphalt pavement structures. The PU composite pavement can bear greater loads and has a reduced thickness of its surface layer by about 3 cm in comparison to conventional pavement. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the design of PU mixture pavement structures and promote the popularization and application of PU mixture pavement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Scheme and Calculation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Scheme and Calculation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Mixture and Load Response Behaviour of Polyurethane Composite Pavement

Zhuang

Liu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…At present, PU mixture is mainly studied in three aspects: functional pavement, pavement structural layer, and bridge deck pavement. The composition design, curing reaction mechanism, performance evaluation, and construction technology of PUM are being studied by an increasing number of researchers worldwide [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Properties and Damage Characteristics of Polyurethane Mixtures under a Stress Control Mode

Sun

Geng

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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A polyurethane mixture (PUM) is an energy-saving and emission-reducing pavement material with excellent temperature stability; however, the fatigue properties and fatigue damage models of PUM still require further research. Therefore, four-point bending static load tests, fatigue tests, and digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) tests with different load levels of PUM and styrene butadiene styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt mixture (SMA) were carried out. The fatigue life, stiffness, midspan deflection, and maximum tensile strain were obtained and compared. The fatigue damage factor calculation method of PUM based on stiffness degradation was proposed, and the fatigue damage function of PUM at different load levels was fitted. The results show that the fatigue life of PUM was much larger than that of SMA, and the static loading failure and fatigue failure modes of PUM were both brittle. The fatigue damage of PUM exhibits an obvious three-stage damage law: the rapid development stage (accounting for about 10–20% of the fatigue life), the deformation stability expansion stage (accounting for about 70–80% of the fatigue life), and the instability development stage (accounting for about 10–20% of the fatigue life). The fatigue damage factors (DB) were calculated based on stiffness, according to DB=EI0−EInrEI0−EINr, and the fatigue damage functions of PUM were fitted based on the stiffness degradation, according to fnN=1−1−(n/N)a(1−n/N)b. The fatigue damage fitting curves have good correlation with the calculation results of the damage factor based on test data, which can predict the stiffness degradation of PUM at different load levels. The results can help further the understanding of the fatigue characteristics and damage mechanism of PUM, which will provide theoretical support for the application of PUM in pavement structures.

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Investigations of the Cold Box Core Curing Stage Using an Augmented Simulation Approach

Khan,

Mrowka,

Sablowski

et al. 2024

Inter Metalcast

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Foundry sand cores are used to produce complex metal castings. They are manufactured on universal coremaking machines in two distinct stages, shooting and curing. Various simulation tools exist to optimize the coremaking process. Numerical modeling of the two distinct process stages is challenging as it involves different tooling, raw materials, and process parameters. Additionally, each stage requires appropriate mathematical modeling of the fluid flow since the relevant physical phenomena are different. The state-of-the-art combined simulation approach (CA) can simulate these two stages in sequence using a Core shooting & curing module. The gassing system (GS) is also important to consider when calculating the complete physical mass flow during the curing stage in CA. An augmented simulation approach (AA) is proposed, which can include GS in the coremaking simulations. This approach enables the execution of two-stage combined simulations (CA) using Magma C + M software (SW1) and incorporates GS data using FLOW-3D CAST software (SW2). In order to analyze the influence of including selected factors such as the hopper during the shooting stage and GS during the curing stage, the simulation approaches CA and AA were compared. The simulation results were correlated with experiment results (EX) to analyze sand density distribution and different curing times, focusing on the final core quality. Quantity analysis has been done among EX samples to observe the cured core trend. The results obtained from AA exhibit a significantly better correlation with EX than with CA. The proposed augmented approach offers significant potential for the improved analysis, optimization, and accurate prediction of complex coremaking processes within polyurethane (PU) Cold Box Systems.

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Mechanism of Polyurethane Binder Curing Reaction and Evaluation of Polyurethane Mixture Properties

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Mixture and Load Response Behaviour of Polyurethane Composite Pavement

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Mixture and Load Response Behaviour of Polyurethane Composite Pavement

Fatigue Properties and Damage Characteristics of Polyurethane Mixtures under a Stress Control Mode

Investigations of the Cold Box Core Curing Stage Using an Augmented Simulation Approach

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