Mechanism of Separation of Inclusions from Molten Steel Stirred with Rotating Electro-magnetic Field

State of the art in the control of inclusions during steel ingot casting

“…9-Agglomeration of silica inclusions in an 80-kg ingot. [30] Fig. 10-Typical sulfide inclusion (MnS) in steel ingot.…”

“…Only a few size distributions of inclusions in steel ingots were reported, and these data are summarized in Figure 13. [74,30,77] Inclusions in this figure include both indigenous and exogenous inclusions. [7] Fig.…”

“…Silica inclusions can also agglomerate into clusters, as shown in Figure 9. [30] The nucleation, growth, and removal of indigenous inclusions can be summarized as follows. Shortly after [1] Fig.…”

“…[77] Miki et al measured the size distribution of large exogenous inclusions in a round steel ingot by the slime extraction test, where samples were located at the center, one-quarter diameter, and edge of the ingot at a height. [30] Zhang et al estimated the threedimensional size distribution of both indigenous and exogenous inclusions by converting the two-dimensional microscope observations at many different locations into three dimensions. [74] This converting method assumes that the diameter of inclusions under the two-dimensional microscope observation is the same as that of the real threedimensional inclusions, and the number of inclusions observed by the two-dimensional microscope is the same number of inclusions in a volume of sample section area multiplied by the inclusion diameter as thickness.…”

“…[25,26] Before they collide and aggregate, small alumina particles may be in the shape of sphere, flower plate, [27] or polyhedral alumina, [18,27,29] as shown in Figure 8. [27] Silica inclusions are generally spherical, [28,29,30] owing to their liquid or glassy state in the molten steel. Silica inclusions can also agglomerate into clusters, as shown in Figure 9.…”