Mechanism of sulfidation of small zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

In the sulfidation of small ZnO nanoparticles, the nanoparticles first undergo sulfur doping followed by the nucleation-growth of ZnS domains.

Phonons investigation of ZnO@ZnS core‐shell nanostructures with active layer

“…Such a process leads to a core‐shell structure, which has been clearly demonstrated in many studies. [ 27–29 ]…”

Mechanisms and effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle transformations on toxicity to zebrafish embryos

“…The XRD peak pattern observed after sulfidation was consistent with previous studies. 16,20,32 New XRD peaks were generated at around 30°, which were not observed in the pristine ZnO NPs, suggesting the formation of ZnS. The newly-generated representative peaks became apparent with increasing S/Zn molar ratios and the intensity of the peaks of the pristine ZnO NPs continuously decreased, indicating that sulfidation progressed with increasing concentrations of sulfur ions.…”

Nanomaterial Transformation in the Soil–Plant System: Implications for Food Safety and Application in Agriculture

“…For example, nanoscale CeO 2 can be reduced and release Ce 3+ ions. [20] Further transformation processes, following redox reaction and dissolution, such as precipitation, may occur for metal based ENMs, e.g., sulfidation of Fe, [21] Cu, [22] Zn, [23] and Ag, [24] chlorination of Ag, [25] or phosphorylation of Ce [26] and Zn. [27] Organic ligands may bind to the released metal ions.…”

“…Inorganic ligands such as sulfide, chloride, and phosphate are key drivers involved in the chemical transformation of metal-based ENMs. Sulfide is ubiquitous in the environment and sulfidation is a very common chemical processes for many types of metal based ENMs (e.g., Ag, Cu, ZnO, PbO), based on the Pearson acid-base Natural organic matter (NOM) Aggregation [38,44,46,47] Ionic strength Aggregation [49][50][51] Soil pH Aggregation, dissolution [50,52] Redox potential Reduction, oxidation [42,54] Inorganic ligands Sulfidation, chlorination, phosphorylation [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]56,57] Microorganisms All physical and chemical transformation [29,61] concept. [55] Metal sulfides are usually less soluble than their oxide counterparts.…”