Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Heteropolyoxotungstate against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Abstract

The effects of heteropolyoxotungstate (K₇[PTi₂W₁₀O₄₀]· 6H₂O; PM-19) on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were examined using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction of intracellular viral DNA established by us and also other methods. Vero cells were infected with HSV-2 strains: either the standard strain 169, or the acyclovir-resistant strain YS-4C-1. PM-19 was added at various stages during the replication of HSV-2. PM-19 strongly inhibited the synthesis of viral genomic DNA when it was added at the time of infection. The addition of PM-19 60–90 min after viral inoculation time-dependently decreased the antiviral activity and increased the relative yield of viral DNA, and the addition of PM-19 was completely ineffective at times later than 90 min. These results suggested that PM-19 inhibited viral penetration but did not affect the synthesis of viral DNA. Furthermore, PM-19 strongly inhibited a second round of infection.

Structural characterization and reactivity of γ-octamolybdate functionalized by proline

“…Various POMs have been reported to interact with viral surface proteins and to inhibit the replication of several types of viruses [10][11][12][13][14]. Recent studies have shown that POMs have superior ability to selectively precipitate prion proteins, a property which could be useful in the development of immonoassays capable of detecting extremely low concentrations of infectious prions in blood and cerebrospinal fluid [15].…”

Polyoxometalates Active Against Tumors, Viruses, and Bacteria

“…In the course of in vitro antiviral assay of a variety of PMs, especially polyoxotungstates, PM-19 (the anion of which is shown in Fig. 4.1c) exhibited a potent inhibition both in vitro and in vivo against a broad spectrum of DNA viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2), thymidine kinase-deficient (TK À ) HSV mutant, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (Fukuma et al 1991;Dan et al 2003). PM-19 inhibited the viral penetration of the host cells and the second round of infection without its direct interaction with HSV virions (Dan et al 1998(Dan et al , 2003.…”

“…4.1c) exhibited a potent inhibition both in vitro and in vivo against a broad spectrum of DNA viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2), thymidine kinase-deficient (TK À ) HSV mutant, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (Fukuma et al 1991;Dan et al 2003). PM-19 inhibited the viral penetration of the host cells and the second round of infection without its direct interaction with HSV virions (Dan et al 1998(Dan et al , 2003. PM-19-pretreated cells provided approximately 10-fold enhancement of the anti-HSV potency of PM-19 compared with the cells treated with PM-19 only after infection (Dan et al 2002).…”

Application of Antiviral Polyoxometalates to Living Environments—Antiviral Moist Hand Towels and Stationery Items

“…Their biological activities have become predictable based on their three-dimensional structures [5]. Of the PMs with antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, or other activities, antiviral PMs have been investigated regarding their activities and mechanisms of action [6,7]. Of [6][7][8].…”