Mechanism of the Protective Effects of Sumac Gall Extract and Gallic Acid on the Progression of CCl₄-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats

Abstract

To examine the mechanism of the preventive effect of tannins on the progression of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in rats, sumac gall (SG) extract and gallic acid (GA) were used as substitutes for crude tannins, because SG is a kind of Chinese traditional medicinal herb containing large amounts of various tannins, and GA is one of the major constituents of SG. The protective effect of oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of each substance on progression of CCl4-induced hepatitis was investigated in rats. Speculating that the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities (O2 radical-scavenging activities) and/or protective effects of these substances on cell membranes might play a key role in the mechanism opposing the progression of CCl4-induced hepatitis, the O2 radical-scavenging activities in liver cells and serum in rats were monitored. Both substances significantly prevented the progression of acute liver injury with both p.o. and i.p. administration. These findings suggest that the mechanism for this prevention might be due mainly to the protective effect of these substances on cell membranes rather than O2 radical-scavenging activities.

Gallic Acid: A Promising Lead Molecule for Drug Development

“…Review of literature reveals hepatoprotective potential of gallic acid in alleviating paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice, hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, CCl 4 -induced acute liver injury in rats, sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress, acute liver damage induced by CCl 4 [32,33], N nitroso-compounds-induced mutagenicity as well as obviating mouse lung adenomas by amines or ureas plus nitrite and by nitroso compounds [34]. GA has been reported to suppress cell viability, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in human glioma cells, inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via apoptosis and necrosis, induces apoptosis in tumoral cell lines and inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and cyclooxygenases in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, causes inactivating phosphorylation via ATM-Chk2 activation, leading to cell cycle arrest [35][36][37][38].…”

The Gallic Acid–Phospholipid Complex Improved the Antioxidant Potential of Gallic Acid by Enhancing Its Bioavailability

“…There are several reports of this beneficial phytochemical for its potential antioxidant activity studied in animal models (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Other biological activities of GA studied in animal models are anticancer (1), antihyperglycemic (5), hepatoprotective (6), and antiviral (7) activity.…”

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities, and Structure–Activity Relationship of Gallic Acid‐based Indole Derivatives

“…Among polyphenols, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) derivatives are a well-known group of naturally occurring compounds which have been found in many phytomedicines. In recent years, a number of their biological and pharmacological activities have been described resulting in much attention in the development of synthetic gallic acid derivatives [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. These compounds have been proved to have various biological properties including neuroprotective, antioxidant [12] and anticancer activities [13].…”