Mechanism on biodiversity managing crop diseases

Abstract

Reasonable utilization of natural resource and protection of ecological environment is the foundation for implementing agricultural sustainable development. Biodiversity research and protection are becoming an important issue concerned commonly in the world. Crop disease is one of the important natural disasters for food production and safety, and is also one of the main reasons that confine sustainable development of agricultural production. Large-scale deployment of single highly resistant variety results in reduction of agro-biodiversity level. In this case, excessive loss of agro-biodiversity has become the main challenge in sustainable agriculture. Biodiversity can not only effectively alleviate disease incidence and loss of crop production, but also reduce pollution of agricultural ecological environment caused by excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers to the agricultural ecological environment. Discovery of the mechanism of biodiversity to control crop diseases can reasonably guide the rational deployment and rotation of different crops and establish optimization combinations of different crops. This review summarizes recent advances of research on molecular, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of biodiversity managing crop diseases, and proposes some research that needs to be strengthened in the future.

Infectious disease-specific health literacy in Tibet, China

“…The process of identifying the 25 questions was described as follows: Fifty candidate questions were produced by us based on referring to textbooks of infectious diseases (Yang et al, 2008), guidelines on infectious diseases (Siegel et al, 2007), the National Health Literacy Survey in China (Chinese Ministry of Health, 2008), and articles on prevention and control of infectious diseases, e.g. studies that examined the knowledge, attitude and practices about infectious diseases in China, those exploring factors related to prevention and control of infectious diseases, and those addressing the infectious diseases in Tibet, China (Gong, 2005, Prosser et al , 2011).…”

Intercropping oilseed rape as a potential relay crop for enhancing the biological control of green peach aphids and aphid‐transmitted virus diseases

“…Finally, induced resistance to aphids and diseases may occur in oilseed rape‐tobacco agroecosystems, which is consistent with the studies of Calonnec et al () and You et al (), who reported that resistance to diseases and pests could be induced by various crop mixtures, resulting in significant reductions in incidence (Chin & Wolfe, ; Calonnec et al, ; You et al, ). Yang et al () also reported that the intercropping of many plant species can improve the soil environment, resulting in increased carbon fixation and reductions in both water and soil loss. In particular, the virus incidences were reduced because of the reduced numbers of aphids transmitting viruses.…”

The Functions of Proclitic Ab and Ghab in Hmub

“…The third difference is the historical origin. Ab in Hmub split from the proto-Hmub form *ghab [qa A ] (see §6), while the Chinese 阿( a =) appears as 阿 in Chinese literature during the Han dynasty, and its initial in middle Chinese falls in the first class of the Ying group of initials (影母一等) (《廣韻》為「烏何切」) and is reconstructed as a glottal stop [ʔ] in archaic Chinese (Karlgren 1987[1954]:103; Li 1971:21; Pulleyblank 1962; Wang 1980). The proto-initial of ab in Hmub and that of 阿 in Chinese are not the same, so they may originate from different sources.…”