Mechanisms and Characteristics of Sulfonylureas and Glinides

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex progressive endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemia and life-threatening complications. It is the most common disorder of pancreatic cell function that causes insulin deficiency. Sulfonylurea is a class of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Over the past half century, these drugs, together with the subsequent non-sulfonylureas (glinides), have been the main oral drugs for insulin secretion. Objective: Through in-depth study, the medical profession considers it as an important drug for improving blood sugar control. Methods: The mechanism, characteristics, efficacy and side effects of sulfonylureas and glinides were reviewed in detail. Result: Sulfonylureas and glinides not only stimulated the release of insulin from pancreatic cells, but also had many extrapanular hypoglycemic effect, such as reducing the clearance rate of insulin in liver, reducing the secretion of glucagon, and enhancing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Sulfonylureas and glinides are effective first-line drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Although they have the risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain and cardiovascular disease, their clinical practicability and safety can be guaranteed as long as they are reasonably used.

The management of diabetes mellitus by mangiferin: advances and prospects

“…35 Unfortunately, taking this drug increases the risk of hypoglycemia. 36 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are currently used in the management of T2DM, which could delay glucose absorption and lower postprandial glucose levels but are associated with strong gastrointestinal side effects. 37 For long-term diabetics, insulin therapy is an essential treatment to control diabetic hyperglycemia.…”

Anti-diabetics and antimicrobials: Harmony of mutual interplay

“…Sulfonylureas antidiabetic drugs stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells, they bind to ATP-sensitive K-channels in the β-cell membrane, depolarizes the cells and open voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels that results in insulin release. Sulfonylureas anti-diabetics, especially the second generation, are widely used in the management of T2DM[ 201 ]. Multiple antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivatives showed significant bactericidal[ 202 , 203 ] and fungicidal activities[ 203 , 204 ].…”

Sulfonylureas for Treatment of Periodontitis-Diabetes Comorbidity-Related Complications: Killing Two Birds With One Stone

“…After binding with receptors sulfonylurea drugs block IK(ATP) and prevent potassium outflow, resulting in depolarization of cell membranes, enhancing voltage-dependent calcium channel opening, and extracellular calcium influx. The increased intracellular free calcium concentration triggers exocytosis and insulin release ( Ashcroft and Rorsman, 2012 ; Lv et al, 2020 ). Therefore, sulfonylurea drugs only exert an effect on patients with T2DM who still have functional pancreatic β-cells in the body.…”