Mechanisms and Impact of Enteric Infections

Guerrant, Richard L.; Lima, Aldo Ângelo Moreira; Barboza, Manuel S.; Young, Steven; Silva, Terezinha; Barrett, Leah J.; Bao, Yongde; Fox, Jay; Moore, Sean R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_8

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These include blood leucocyte counts, ESR, and C-reactive protein. Fecal biomarkers have emerged as important tools to assess intestinal inflammation, whether due to inflammatory infections, such as shigellosis or C. difficile colitis, or to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), be it ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (11,13,32,3). As relatively specific biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation in the intestinal mucosal (34), these tests have the advantages of being noninvasive, rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive (16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an ironbiding glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa present in secondary (specific) granules especially in mature neutrophilic granulocytes [11,[12][13][14]. Although it provides an excellent quantifiable marker of neutrophilic inflammation, several exocrine cells also secrete lower amounts of this protein that are often present in lower concentrations in many fluids such as normal human milk, tears, synovial fluid, and serum.…”

Section: Lactoferrin (Lf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal Lactoferrin, Fecal Calprotectin, Transforming growth factor-b1, and CRP in Evaluation of Disease Activity in Egyptian patients With Ulcerative colitis

2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci.

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Aims: to analyze the usefulness of fecal lactoferrin, fecal calprotectin, transforming growth factor-B1,Endoscopic Activity Index, Clinical Activity Index, C-reactive protein, and blood leucocytes in monitoring disease activity in Egyptian patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with ulcerative colitis were enrolled and scored according to the endoscopic part of the Rachmilewitz Index. Patients and controls: Patients and controls provided fecal and blood samples for measuring Lactoferrin, calprotectin, TGF-B1, CRP, and leucocytes. Results: The values in ulcerative colitis patients (n = 120) compared to controls (n = 30): Fecal lactoferrin: 703.6±657.6 versus7.01±3.9 µg/g, calprotectin: 867.4±561.2 versus 36.3±15.3 μg /g, TGF-B1: 386.9±246.7 versus 5.9±1.8 pg /ml, CRP:19.4±14.7 versus 3.2±0.9 mg/L, blood leucocytes: 11.6±3.8 versus 6.8±1.9 g/L ( for all P< 0.001). Endoscopic disease activity correlated significantly with lactoferrin (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r =0.949), calprotectin (r = 0.923), TGF-B1 (r = 0.918), Clinical Activity Index (r = 0. 761), CRP (r = 0.851), and blood leucocytes (r = 0.681). Fecal lactoferrin, calprotectin and TGF-B1 levels were significantly lower in ulcerative colitis patients with inactive disease ( endoscopic score 0 -3, Lactoferrin 48.7±24.9 µg/g, calprotectin 81.5 ± 48.8 μg / g, TGF-B1 42.5 ± 36.5 pg/mL , P < 0.001 for both lactoferrin and calprotectin, but P <0.059 for TGF-B1), compared to patients with mild ( score 4 -6, lactoferrin 465.7 ± 217.4 µg/g, calprotectin 420.4 ±244.8 μg/g, TGF-B1 269.6 ± 80.3 pg/mL, P < 0.001 ), moderate ( score 7 -9, lactoferrin 678.7 ± 258.6 µg/g, calprotectin 1074.9 ± 303.5 μg/g, TGF-B1 391.5 ± 56.8 pg/mL, P < 0.001 ), and high disease ( score 10 -12 , lactoferrin 1624.5 ± 327.2 µg/g, calprotectin 1466.5.2 ± 31.5 μg/g, TGF-B1 690.9 ± 160.1 Pg/ mL, P < 0.001). The overall accuracy for detection of histopathological active disease was 96.9 % for fecal lactoferrin, 96.6 for fecal calprotectin, 94.5 % for TGF-B1, 90 % for Endoscopic Activity Index, 87 % for Clinical Activity Index, and 65 % for both blood leucocytes and CRP. Conclusion: Fecal lactoferrin, fecal calprotectin and TGF-B1 correlated significantly with endoscopic disease activity, clinical activity index, CRP, and blood leucocytes. Furthermore, lactoferrin and calprotectin were suitable markers that can differentiate endoscopically and histopathologically inactive from active disease. Also TGF-B1 was used as a useful marker to distinguish mild from moderate and high active disease. Thus, these three biomarkers may be used for monitoring ulcerative colitis activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lactoferrin (Lf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Lactoferrin, Fecal Calprotectin, Transforming growth factor-b1, and CRP in Evaluation of Disease Activity in Egyptian patients With Ulcerative colitis

2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci.

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“…In particular, malnutrition might result from enteric infections of bacteria that are highly prevalent in LMICs, and include both well-known (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and species of Salmonella, Shigella and anaerobic streptococci) 44 and emerging pathogens (enteroaggregative E. coli, Cryptosporidium and Giardia) 45 . These infections can significantly affect childhood brain or behavioural development, presumably through damage to the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Enteric Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing neurodevelopmental disorders and disability through research and interventions

Boivin

Kakooza

Warf

et al. 2015

Nature

126

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“…A bacterial enteric infection may manifest as diarrhea or may also remain asymptomatic. Recently, it was recognized that even asymptomatic enteric infections by Cryptosporidium, EAggEC and Giardia lamblia may be associated with nutritional shortfalls, even in the absence of overt diarrheal illness [17].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are now several types of E. coli enteropathogens in addition to the classical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), including enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), which produces a cholera-like heat-labile toxin (LT) or heat-stable toxins STa or STb, EHEC, which produces a Shiga-like toxin (SLT), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and EAggEC, which is associated with persistent diarrhea in developing and developed countries. Among the parasitic protozoa, microsporidia can also be included as emerging infectious pathogens especially in immunocompromised hosts, as well as Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium [16,17].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology and Impact of Enteric Bacterial and Protozoal Infections: New Approaches to Therapy

et al. 2005

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Despite numerous scientific advances in the past few years regarding the pathogenesis, diagnostic tools and treatment of infectious enteritis, enteric infections remain a serious threat to health worldwide. With globalization of the food supply, the increase in travel, mass food processing and antibiotic resistance, infectious diarrhea has become a critical concern for both developing and developed countries. Oral rehydration therapy has been cited as the most important medical discovery of the century due to the millions of lives that have been saved. However, statistics concerning diarrhea-induced mortality and the highly underestimated morbidity continue to demonstrate the severity of the problem. A more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhea and potential new vaccines and effective treatments are badly needed. In addition, public health preventive actions, such as early detection of outbreaks, care with food, water and sanitation and, where relevant, immunization, should be considered a priority. This article provides an overview of the epidemiological impact, pathogenesis and new approaches to the management of enteric infections.

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Mechanisms and Impact of Enteric Infections

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Fecal Lactoferrin, Fecal Calprotectin, Transforming growth factor-b1, and CRP in Evaluation of Disease Activity in Egyptian patients With Ulcerative colitis

Fecal Lactoferrin, Fecal Calprotectin, Transforming growth factor-b1, and CRP in Evaluation of Disease Activity in Egyptian patients With Ulcerative colitis

Reducing neurodevelopmental disorders and disability through research and interventions

Pathophysiology and Impact of Enteric Bacterial and Protozoal Infections: New Approaches to Therapy

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