Pathophysiology and Impact of Enteric Bacterial and Protozoal Infections: New Approaches to Therapy

Abstract

Despite numerous scientific advances in the past few years regarding the pathogenesis, diagnostic tools and treatment of infectious enteritis, enteric infections remain a serious threat to health worldwide. With globalization of the food supply, the increase in travel, mass food processing and antibiotic resistance, infectious diarrhea has become a critical concern for both developing and developed countries. Oral rehydration therapy has been cited as the most important medical discovery of the century due to the millions of lives that have been saved. However, statistics concerning diarrhea-induced mortality and the highly underestimated morbidity continue to demonstrate the severity of the problem. A more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhea and potential new vaccines and effective treatments are badly needed. In addition, public health preventive actions, such as early detection of outbreaks, care with food, water and sanitation and, where relevant, immunization, should be considered a priority. This article provides an overview of the epidemiological impact, pathogenesis and new approaches to the management of enteric infections.

Rifaximin, a Poorly Absorbed Antibiotic: Pharmacology and Clinical Potential

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Short-term WASH interventions in emergency response: a systematic review

“…Waddington (2012) describes that due to the response ratio comparing outcome effects only, some quasi-experimental designs can be compared side-by-side. We will also highlight outcome effect consistency to determine expected impact and relevance.…”

“…Defined by: WHO Maintained List (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/year/en/ Is there population Displacement: More than 25,000 people living in a camp setting for less than 5 years. Only short-term hygiene interventions in emergency settings will be included.…”

“…Information recorded from each manuscript is based on the Waddington et al (2012) protocol and will describe: author and publication details, type of intervention, context of the intervention, study design, study quality, effect estimation, intermediate outcomes, qualitative information, economic outcomes, and final outcomes. Detailed criteria from all included studies (quantitative, qualitative, or economic) will be extracted into a master list in Microsoft Excel (2010).…”

“…The response ratio described above may be used to compare different study designs with similar outputs. Waddington (2012) describes that due to the response ratio comparing effect only, differencein-difference designs or propensity scoring designs can be compared side-by-side. Studies without control groups or a dataset where a response ratio cannot be used, the study may be excluded from analysis with consensus from the review team.…”