Mechanisms associated with corpus luteum lifespan in animals having normal or subnormal luteal function

Garverick, H.A.; Zollers, W.G.; Smith, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/0378-4320(92)90098-x

Cited by 82 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Active immunization against PGF (Copelin et al, 1989) or inhibition of PGF secretion were both effective in extending the CL lifespan and increasing P4 secretion by the CL, indicating that uterine PGF is the primary cause of the shortened luteal phase. Consistent with this idea, cows destined to have short-lived CL have early secretion of PGF from the uterus (Zollers et al, 1991) and an early increase in circulating metabolite of PGF that begins near the time of the first increases in circulating E2 during the first follicular wave (Southee et al, 1988;Hunter et al, 1989;Cooper et al, 1991;Hunter, 1991;Garverick et al, 1992b). In addition, intrauterine infusion of IFNT, the protein that normally causes maintenance of the CL during pregnancy in ruminants, can prevent short luteal phases (Garverick et al, 1992a).…”

Section: Period I: Short Luteal Phase and Early CL Regression -Day 5-7supporting

confidence: 49%

“…For example, short cycles have been documented in cattle and sheep following the first ovulation after puberty (Berardinelli and Butcher, 1979;Berardinelli et al, 1979), following the first ovulation post-partum in dairy and beef cattle (Garverick et al, 1992b), and after the first ovulation of the breeding season in ewes that were previously not cycling (Hunter, 1991). For example, in beef cattle that have been induced to ovulate by calf removal or treatment with an ovulation inducing agent, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH), there is generally a very high incidence of shortened luteal phases (~80%).…”

Section: Period I: Short Luteal Phase and Early CL Regression -Day 5-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maintenance or regression of the corpus luteum during multiple decisive periods of bovinepregnancy

Wiltbank¹,

Meidan²,

Ochoa³

et al. 2016

Anim Reprod

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In ruminants, there are specific times during the estrous cycle or pregnancy when the corpus luteum (CL) may undergo regression. This review has attempted to summarize the physiological and cellular mechanisms involved in CL regression or maintenance during four distinct periods. The first period is near day 7 when animals that are ovulating after a period of low circulating progesterone (P4), such as first pubertal ovulation or first postpartum ovulation, are at risk of having a premature increase in Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) secreted from the uterus resulting in early CL regression and a short estrous cycle. The second period is when normal luteolysis occurs at day 18-25 of the cycle or when the CL is rescued by interferon-tau secreted by the elongating embryo. The uterine mechanisms that determine the timing of this luteolysis or the prevention of luteolysis have been generally defined. Induction and activation of endometrial E2 receptors result in induction of endometrial oxytocin receptors that can now be activated by normal pulses of oxytocin. Of particular importance is the observation that the primary mechanisms are only activated through local (ipsilateral) and not a systemic route due to transfer of PGF from the uterine vein to the ovarian artery. In addition at the CL level, studies are providing definition to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are activated in response to uterine PGF pulses or pregnancy. The third period that is discussed occurs in the second month of pregnancy (day 28-60) when undefined mechanisms result in CL maintenance of an ipsilateral CL but regression of a contralateral (opposite side from pregnancy) CL. The final period that is discussed is regression of the CL just prior to parturition. Although, cortisol from the fetus appears to be the primary initiator of luteolysis, PGF seems to be the final signal that causes regression of the CL. Thus, in all four periods, regression of the CL is likely to be caused by the direct actions of PGF that is secreted from the uterus. The uterine mechanisms that result in secretion of PGF seem to be normally inhibited during the early luteal phase, making short luteal phases not a normal event, and are altered during early pregnancy (day 18-25) resulting in prevention of luteolysis. During much of pregnancy, the mechanisms that cause PGF secretion from the uterus in response to oxytocin are intact but luteolysis does not normally occur, perhaps due to lack of efficient utero-ovarian transfer of PGF.

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Section: Period I: Short Luteal Phase and Early CL Regression -Day 5-7supporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Period I: Short Luteal Phase and Early CL Regression -Day 5-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance or regression of the corpus luteum during multiple decisive periods of bovinepregnancy

Wiltbank¹,

Meidan²,

Ochoa³

et al. 2016

Anim Reprod

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“…In other species, such as cows, short oestrous cycles and premature ovulations can be induced with cloprostenol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Taponen et al, 2002). Perhaps, following administration of cloprostenol in some does, the rapid onset of pro-oestrus led to the induction of a preovulatory LH surge, but the emerging dominant follicles differed slightly in their degree of maturity with one being mature enough to ovulate and the other not having a sufficient number of LH receptors to ovulate (Garverick et al, 1992). The development of follicular cysts could potentially reduce ovulation rate, although further work with a greater number of animals is needed to determine if ovulation rates are significantly reduced in does with cystic follicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of follicular dynamics and hormone profiles in Boer goats examined during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in the tropics of Queensland, Australia

Nogueira

Cavalieri

Gummow

et al. 2015

Small Ruminant Research

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Abstract. This study aimed to describe ovarian follicular dynamics in Boer goats (n = 14) during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in the tropics of Queensland. Progesterone profiles and follicular dynamics were compared over a 21-day period in the non-breeding season and one oestrous cycle in the breeding season. Between September and October, 100% of goats were in anoestrus while between April and May they were all undergoing ovulatory cycles. The number of follicular waves during a 3-week period of monitoring was greater during the non-breeding compared to the breeding season (4.8  0.1 vs 4.1  0.1, respectively; P < 0.05), while the number of codominant follicles (5.6  0.3 vs 6.8  0.3, respectively; P < 0.05), growth rate (0.61  0.05 mm/day vs 0.81  0.05 mm/day, respectively; P < 0.05) and the diameter of the largest follicle measured within follicular waves (6.7  0.1 mm vs 7.8  01 mm, respectively; P < 0.05) were less in the non-breeding compared to the breeding season. During the breeding season the interovulatory interval was 19.7  0.2 days. Total number of small follicles (2 to 3 mm) and the total number of follicles ≥3 mm from Days 2 to 14 of the period of examination were greater (P < 0.05) during the non-breeding compared to the breeding season. In the breeding season, 35.7% of cycling goats showed large anovulatory follicles, which persisted and became luteinized. Ovulatory follicles were derived from the fourth follicular wave in 71% of goats. These results have described differences in characteristics of follicular development in the same Boer goats examined during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In the non-breeding season, the ovaries remained active and follicles continued to grow to reach the equivalent size of preovulatory follicles. Follicular dynamics in the * Corresponding author. +61 4 8894 3333. Email addresses: daniel.nogueira@embrapa.br , daniel.maianogueira@my.jcu.edu.au 2 breeding season was characterised by the development of larger follicles and greater follicular growth rates. Short oestrous cycles and follicular cysts may reduce ovulation rate in Boer goats in the breeding season.

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“…Inadequate luteal function contributes significantly to infertility (Hunter 1991, Garverick et al 1992. Transient inadequate luteal function occurs naturally in sheep, for example, in early postpartum (Wright et al 1983, Braden et al 1989, at puberty and during the transition from anoestrus to the breeding season (Legan et al 1985), and following ram-induced ovulation during anoestrus (Martin et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corpora lutea induced by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment of anoestrous Welsh Mountain ewes: reduced sensitivity to luteinizing hormone in vivo and to chorionic gonadotrophin in vitro

Bramley

Stirling²,

Menzies³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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Seasonally anoestrous Welsh Mountain ewes received 250 ng gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) every 2 h, with (Group 1;n= 13) or without (Group 2;n= 14) progesterone priming for 48 h. Fourteen control ewes (Group 3) were studied during the luteal phase in the breeding season. Animals in Group 4 (n= 12) received progesterone priming followed by 250 ng GnRH at increasing frequency for 72 h, while ewes in Group 5 (n= 13) were given three bolus injections of 30 μg GnRH at 90-min intervals. All treatment regimens induced ovulation. However, only corpora lutea (CL) from ewes in Group 3 (breeding season) or Group 4 exhibited normal luteal function. Luteal luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor levels were significantly higher on day 12 than day 4, and CL from groups with adequate CL (3 and 4) had significantly higher125I-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-binding levels than the three groups with inadequate CL on day 12. LH-binding affinity was unchanged. Exogenous ovine LH (10 μg)in vivoon days 3 or 11 after ovulation induced a pulse of progesterone in ewes with adequate CL: however, ewes in Groups 1, 2 and 5 showed no significant response. Basal progesterone secretionin vitrowas significantly greater on day 4 than on day 12. Maximal steroidogenic responses of adequate and inadequate CL to hCG and to dibutyryl cyclic-3′,5′-AMP were similar at both stages of the luteal phase. However, the EC50for hCG on days 4 and 12 was 10-fold lower for groups with an adequate CL (0.1 IU hCG/ml) than for inadequate-CL groups (1 IU hCG/ml;P<0.05). Thus, in addition to the well-characterized premature sensitivity of GnRH-induced inadequate CL to endometrial luteolysin, we have shown (1) a marked decrease in total number of cells in the CL, a profound reduction in vascular surface area, and a decrease in mean large luteal cell volume (with no change in large luteal cell numbers), (2) decreased luteal LH receptor and progesterone content compared with adequate CL and (3) that CL that were becoming, or were destined to become, inadequate failed to respond to ovine LHin vivoand were 10-fold less sensitive to hCG in terms of luteal progesterone secretionin vitro.

show abstract

Mechanisms associated with corpus luteum lifespan in animals having normal or subnormal luteal function

Cited by 82 publications

References 83 publications

Maintenance or regression of the corpus luteum during multiple decisive periods of bovinepregnancy

Maintenance or regression of the corpus luteum during multiple decisive periods of bovinepregnancy

Comparison of follicular dynamics and hormone profiles in Boer goats examined during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in the tropics of Queensland, Australia

Corpora lutea induced by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment of anoestrous Welsh Mountain ewes: reduced sensitivity to luteinizing hormone in vivo and to chorionic gonadotrophin in vitro

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