MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Regulation of glucose metabolism by the ghrelin system: multiple players and multiple actions

Heppner, Kristy M.; Tong, Jenny

doi:10.1530/eje-14-0183

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…These additional parameters will certainly help in evaluating kidney, liver, cardiac, and pancreatic dysfunctions if done at regular intervals of time. Previous studies have shown correlations between ghrelin to both BMI and insulin, However, they did not recommend its routine use of such parameters [11,12]. We have observed higher IR and insulin in T2DM with obesity similar to previously documented [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN,GHRELIN, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, WHR AND BMI TO PLASMA GLUCOSE AND HbA1C AND ITS CLINICAL USEFULNESS IN T2DM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

Selvanayagam

Gandhi²,

Arivazhagan³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: To evaluate new diabetic control monitoring parameters insulin, ghrelin, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity and to compare them with the existing diabetic control markers plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to recommended these additional tests to assess complications associated with kidney, liver, cardiac, and pancreas. Methods:A total of 100 T2DM patients with obesity who attended the sugar clinic attached to Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Vanagaram and who were on standard treatment and 50 age and sex matched controls attending the routine master health check in the same hospital were enrolled for the study. Fully automated analyzers and reagents and controls were used for all assays to ensure validity of the results obtained. For insulin and ghrelin assays, established commercial kits were used and all other parameters were calculated using formulae established previously. Graphpad online calculator was used to calculate t and p values. Results:The results obtained for both controls and patients for the set of additional parameters were compared with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post prandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and HbA1c between controls, patients and controls with patients by calculating r and p values. Highly significant correlations were obtained in all comparisons. Conclusions:Very good associations (p<0.0001) were found between FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c to each of the new parameters for controls, patients and between controls and patients. These additional parameters may be done at fixed intervals of time to evaluate kidney, liver, cardiac and pancreatic complications/dysfunction in T2DM patients with obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Hence, it may play a significant role in DM. Many studies have linked ghrelin to obesity [11,12]. IR is a key factor in metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are promoted by obesity and may later lead to T2DM.…”

Section: Homa-β and Dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN,GHRELIN, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, WHR AND BMI TO PLASMA GLUCOSE AND HbA1C AND ITS CLINICAL USEFULNESS IN T2DM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

Selvanayagam

Gandhi²,

Arivazhagan³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…In addition, it has orexigenic effects (4). Data regarding the regulation and action of UAG are less consistent (5). The ghrelin receptor is also located in peripheral tissues, indicating direct effects of AG (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ghrelin receptor is also located in peripheral tissues, indicating direct effects of AG (6). Among these effects, glucoregulatory properties seem to be important (5) and ghrelin-deficient mice developed profound hypoglycemia during calorie restriction (7). In response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, however, total (8,9) as well as AG (10) and UAG (11) levels decrease rather than increase in human subjects, irrespective of GH status (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating acylghrelin levels are suppressed by insulin and increase in response to hypoglycemia in healthy adult volunteers

Lauritzen

Voss

Kampmann

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Ghrelin has glucoregulatory and orexigenic actions, but its role in acute hypoglycemia remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate circulating levels of acylghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) in response to hyperinsulinemia and to hypoglycemia. Design: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study including 3 study days was performed at a university hospital clinical research center. Methods: Nine healthy men completed 3 study days: i) saline control (CTR), ii) hyperinsulinemic euglycemia (HE) (bolus insulin 0.1 IE/kg i.v. and glucose 20% i.v. for 105 min, plasma glucose z5 mmol/l), and iii) hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) (bolus insulin 0.1 IE/kg i.v.). Results: HH and HE suppressed AG concentrations at tZ45-60 min as compared with CTR (P!0.05). At tZ90 min, a rebound increase in AG was observed in response to HH as compared with both HE and CTR (P!0.05). UAG also decreased during HH and HE at tZ45 min (P!0.05), whereas the AG-to-UAG ratio remained unaffected. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that AG and UAG are directly suppressed by hyperinsulinemia and that AG concentrations increase after a latency of z1 h in response to hypoglycemia, suggesting a potential counterregulatory role of AG.

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“…The two major ghrelin isoforms appear to have distinct actions and regulate glucose metabolism. The effects of them are still a matter of debate [4]. GLP-1 stimulates postprandial insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and also slows gastric emptying [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Teneligliptin improves glycemic control with the reduction of postprandial insulin requirement in Japanese diabetic patients

et al. 2015

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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Regulation of glucose metabolism by the ghrelin system: multiple players and multiple actions

Cited by 56 publications

References 116 publications

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN,GHRELIN, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, WHR AND BMI TO PLASMA GLUCOSE AND HbA1C AND ITS CLINICAL USEFULNESS IN T2DM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN,GHRELIN, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, WHR AND BMI TO PLASMA GLUCOSE AND HbA1C AND ITS CLINICAL USEFULNESS IN T2DM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

Circulating acylghrelin levels are suppressed by insulin and increase in response to hypoglycemia in healthy adult volunteers

Teneligliptin improves glycemic control with the reduction of postprandial insulin requirement in Japanese diabetic patients

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