Mechanisms Involved in Induced Resistance to Plant Viruses

Gilliland, Androulla; Murphy, Alex M.; Carson, Rachael A. J.; Carr, John P.

doi:10.1007/0-387-23266-4_15

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…We speculate that, although a particular virus may be able to evade one layer, for example, the inhibition of cell‐to‐cell movement, it may nevertheless be affected by one or both of the other defensive layers: inhibition of replication and/or systemic movement. The adaptability of SA‐induced resistance to viruses is demonstrated by the fact that it can function not only against diverse plus‐sense RNA viruses like TMV, TVCV, CMV, PVX or AlMV, but also against DNA viruses, for example CaMV (reviewed by Gilliland et al ., 2004). Furthermore, recent developments in the field suggest the existence of an additional layer of SA‐regulated defence against viruses based upon RNAi.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Sa‐regulated Resistance To Plant Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of multiple antiviral defence mechanisms by salicylic acid

Singh

Moore

Gilliland

et al. 2004

Molecular Plant Pathology

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127

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SUMMARY The plant signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) can induce resistance to a wide range of pathogen types. In the case of viruses, SA can stimulate the inhibition of all three main stages in virus infection: replication, cell-to-cell movement and long-distance movement. Induction of resistance by SA appears to depend, in part, on downstream signalling via the mitochondrion. However, evidence has recently emerged that SA may stimulate a separate downstream pathway, leading to the induction of an additional mechanism of resistance based on RNA interference. In this review our aims are to document these recent advances and to suggest possible future avenues of research on SA-induced resistance to viruses.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Sa‐regulated Resistance To Plant Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of multiple antiviral defence mechanisms by salicylic acid

Singh

Moore

Gilliland

et al. 2004

Molecular Plant Pathology

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127

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“…Plant defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are regulated by different cross-communicating signaling pathways (Baker et al 1997;Dong 2001;Gilliland et al 2006;Kunkel and Brooks 2002;McCarty and Chory 2000). These gene and protein networks have been revealed by large-scale protein-protein interaction studies, usually using the yeast two-hybrid system (Giot et al 2003), and by microarray analyses (Eisen et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing of a single gene in tomato plants resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus renders them susceptible to the virus

et al. 2009

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A reverse-genetics approach was applied to identify genes involved in Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) resistance, taking advantage of two tomato inbred lines from the same breeding program-one susceptible (S), one resistant (R-that used Solanum habrochaites as the source of resistance. cDNA libraries from inoculated and non-inoculated R and S plants were compared, postulating that genes preferentially expressed in the R line may be part of the network sustaining resistance to TYLCV. Further, we assumed that silencing genes located at important nodes of the network would lead to collapse of resistance. Approximately 70 different cDNAs representing genes preferentially expressed in R plants were isolated and their genes identified by comparison with public databases. A Permease I-like protein gene encoding a transmembranal transporter was further studied: it was preferentially expressed in R plants and its expression was enhanced several-fold following TYLCV inoculation. Silencing of the Permease gene of R plants using Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing led to loss of resistance, expressed as development of disease symptoms typical of infected susceptible plants and accumulation of large amounts of virus. Silencing of another membrane protein gene preferentially expressed in R plants, Pectin methylesterase, previously shown to be involved in Tobacco mosaic virus translocation, did not lead to collapse of resistance of R plants. Thus, silencing of a single gene can lead to collapse of resistance, but not every gene preferentially expressed in the R line has the same effect, upon silencing, on resistance.

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“…Multiple strategies are employed by plants to cope with virus invasion. These strategies include the inherited and pathogen-specific resistance conferred by a resistance ( R ) gene [ 1 ], the induced and pathogen-nonspecific resistance brought about by systemic acquired resistance (SAR) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], and the pathogen-derived and pathogen-specific resistance mediated by RNA silencing [ 4 ]. The R gene-mediated resistance is the classical mode of resistance in host plants against incompatible pathogens including viruses [ 1 ], falling into the gene-for-gene model [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SAR, on the other hand, is a basal defense mechanism mediated by signal molecules such as salicylic acid (SA), ethylene and jasmonic acid against a broad spectrum of pathogens [ 2 ]. The SAR is normally coupled with the induction of various pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (e.g., PR1) and stress-related proteins (e.g., Hsp90) as well as proteins involved in synthesis of the signal molecules (e.g., ACC oxidase) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The RNA silencing-directed resistance is mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNA) of ~21–26 nucleotides (nt) in length [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], generated through the cleavage of a double-stranded, or an imperfect stem-loop, RNA molecule by a Dicer enzyme [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Recovery and Reduced Virus Level in the Upper Leaves after Potato virus Y Infection Occur in Tobacco and Tomato but not in Potato Plants

Nie

Molen

2015

Viruses

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In this study, the recovery phenomenon following infection with Potato virus Y (PVY) was investigated in tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants. In tobacco plants, infection of severe strains of PVY (PVYN or PVYN:O) induced conspicuous vein clearing and leaf deformation in the first three leaves above the inoculated leaves, but much milder symptoms in the upper leaves. The recovery phenotype was not obvious in tobacco plants infected with PVY strain that induce mild symptoms (PVYO). However, regardless of the virus strains, reduction in PVY RNA levels was similarly observed in the upper leaves of these plants. Removal of the first three leaves above the inoculated leaves interfered with the occurrence of recovery, suggesting that the signal(s) mediating the recovery is likely generated in these leaves. In PVYN or PVYN:O but not in PVYO-infected tobacco plants, the expression of PR-1a transcripts were correlated with the accumulation level of PVY RNA. Reduced level of PVY RNA in the upper leaves was also observed in infected tomato plants, whereas such phenomenon was not observed in potato plants. PVY-derived small RNAs were detected in both tobacco and potato plants and their accumulation levels were correlated with PVY RNA levels. Our results demonstrate that the recovery phenotype following PVY infection is host-specific and not necessarily associated with the expression of PR-1a and generation of PVY small RNAs.

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Mechanisms Involved in Induced Resistance to Plant Viruses

Cited by 5 publications

References 160 publications

Activation of multiple antiviral defence mechanisms by salicylic acid

Activation of multiple antiviral defence mechanisms by salicylic acid

Silencing of a single gene in tomato plants resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus renders them susceptible to the virus

Host Recovery and Reduced Virus Level in the Upper Leaves after Potato virus Y Infection Occur in Tobacco and Tomato but not in Potato Plants

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