Mechanisms involved in the triggering of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by Candida glabrata during planktonic and biofilm growth

Johnson, Chad; Kernien, John F.; Hoyer, Amanda R.; Nett, Jeniel E.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13588-6

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Like mononuclear cells, human neutrophils display poor activity against C. albicans biofilms, with biofilms exhibiting an up to 5-fold higher resistance to killing when compared to their planktonic counterparts [13][14][15]80]. Similar patterns of resistance to killing by neutrophils have also been observed for biofilms formed by C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis [77].…”

Section: Does Biofilm Extracellular Matrix Impact Immune Responses?mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Host immune cells respond differently to Candida when it is growing as a biofilm or under planktonic conditions [8,[13][14][15][16][77][78][79][80]. For example, upon encounter with C. albicans biofilm, peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibit poor antifungal activity and release a cytokine profile distinct from the profile observed in response to planktonic C. albicans [16,80].…”

Section: Does Biofilm Extracellular Matrix Impact Immune Responses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions of the Biofilm Matrix to Candida Pathogenesis

Nett

Andes

2020

JoF

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In healthcare settings, Candida spp. cause invasive disease with high mortality. The overwhelming majority of cases are associated with the use of critically-needed medical devices, such as vascular catheters. On the surface of these indwelling materials, Candida forms resilient, adherent biofilm communities. A hallmark characteristic of this process is the production of an extracellular matrix, which promotes fungal adhesion and provides protection from external threats. In this review, we highlight the medical relevance of device-associated Candida biofilms and draw attention to the process of Candida-biofilm-matrix production. We provide an update on the current understanding of how biofilm extracellular matrix contributes to pathogenicity, particularly through its roles in the promoting antifungal drug tolerance and immune evasion.

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Section: Does Biofilm Extracellular Matrix Impact Immune Responses?mentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Does Biofilm Extracellular Matrix Impact Immune Responses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of the Biofilm Matrix to Candida Pathogenesis

Nett

Andes

2020

JoF

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“…https://www.ors.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Biofilm-Question-3.pdf addresses biofilm susceptibility to host phagocytosis. While neutrophils and macrophages (10–20 μm) have the ability to access the surface and enter the channels of a mature biofilm (100 μm), they are not able to access biofilm encased microorganisms . When a fragment of biofilm is small enough, phagocytes can engulf it, but they are not able to destroy the bacteria .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2018 international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the biofilm workgroup and consensus on biofilm related musculoskeletal infections

Saeed

McLaren²,

Schwarz³

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

133

123

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Biofilm-associated implant-related bone and joint infections are clinically important due to the extensive morbidity, cost of care and socioeconomic burden that they cause. Research in the field of biofilms has expanded in the past two decades, however, there is still an immense knowledge gap related to many clinical challenges of these biofilm-associated infections. This subject was assigned to the Biofilm Workgroup during the second International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection held in Philadelphia USA (ICM 2018) (https://icmphilly.com). The main objective of the Biofilm Workgroup was to prepare a consensus document based on a review of the literature, prepared responses, discussion, and vote on thirteen biofilm related questions. The Workgroup commenced discussing and refining responses prepared before the meeting on day one using Delphi methodology, followed by a tally of responses using an anonymized voting system on the second day of ICM 2018. The Working group derived consensus on information about biofilms deemed relevant to clinical practice, pertaining to: (1) surface modifications to prevent/inhibit biofilm formation; (2) therapies to prevent and treat biofilm infections; (3) polymicrobial biofilms; (4) diagnostics to detect active and dormant biofilm in patients; (5) methods to establish minimal biofilm eradication concentration for biofilm bacteria; and (6) novel anti-infectives that are effective against biofilm bacteria. It was also noted that biomedical research funding agencies and the pharmaceutical industry should recognize these areas as priorities. ß

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“…Scanning electron microscopy. Candida biofilms were examined by scanning electron microscopy as previously described (32,33). Briefly, 13-mm Thermanox coverslips were coated with 4 g/ml fibrinogen in DPBS for 1 h at 37°C, rinsed twice with water, and dried for 2 h. Cultures of Candida (40 l at 1.5 ϫ 10 7 cells/ml cultures in RPMI-MOPS or synthetic sweat medium) were added for 30 min, and then nonadherent cells were removed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida auris Forms High-Burden Biofilms in Skin Niche Conditions and on Porcine Skin

Horton

Johnson

Kernien

et al. 2020

mSphere

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102

115

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Emerging pathogen Candida auris causes nosocomial outbreaks of lifethreatening invasive candidiasis. It is unclear how this species colonizes skin and spreads in health care facilities. Here, we analyzed C. auris growth in synthetic sweat medium designed to mimic axillary skin conditions. We show that C. auris demonstrates a high capacity for biofilm formation in this milieu, well beyond that observed for the most commonly isolated Candida sp., Candida albicans. The C. auris biofilms persist in environmental conditions expected in the hospital setting. To model C. auris skin colonization, we designed an ex vivo porcine skin model. We show that C. auris proliferates on porcine skin in multilayer biofilms. This capacity to thrive in skin niche conditions helps explain the propensity of C. auris to colonize skin, persist on medical devices, and rapidly spread in hospitals. These studies provide clinically relevant tools to further characterize this important growth modality. IMPORTANCE The emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris causes invasive infections and is spreading in hospitals worldwide. Why this species exhibits the capacity to transfer efficiently among patients is unknown. Our findings reveal that C. auris forms high-burden biofilms in conditions mimicking sweat on the skin surface. These adherent biofilm communities persist in environmental conditions expected in the hospital setting. Using a pig skin model, we show that C. auris also forms high-burden biofilm structures on the skin surface. Identification of this mode of growth sheds light on how this recently described pathogen persists in hospital settings and spreads among patients.

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Mechanisms involved in the triggering of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by Candida glabrata during planktonic and biofilm growth

Cited by 54 publications

References 64 publications

Contributions of the Biofilm Matrix to Candida Pathogenesis

Contributions of the Biofilm Matrix to Candida Pathogenesis

2018 international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the biofilm workgroup and consensus on biofilm related musculoskeletal infections

Candida auris Forms High-Burden Biofilms in Skin Niche Conditions and on Porcine Skin

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