Mechanisms of action of plant sterols on inhibition of cholesterol absorption

Heinemann, Thomas; Kullak-Ublick, Gerd-Achim; Pietruck, B.; Bergmann, Klaus von

doi:10.1007/bf03216292

Cited by 172 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The proposed mechanism is that plant stanols reduce the micellar solubility of cholesterol and consequently lower intestinal absorption of both exogenous and endogenous cholesterol (Heinemann et al, 1991). This suggests that plant stanol esters should be consumed at each meal to obtain a maximal cholesterol-lowering effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters

et al. 2000

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Objective: To examine in humans the effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat-soluble antioxidants of a daily consumption of 2.5 g plant stanols, consumed either once per day at lunch or divided over the three meals. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Subjects: Thirty-nine healthy normocholesterolemic or mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects participated. Interventions: Each subject consumed in random order; no plant stanols; 2.5 g plant stanols at lunch; and 2.5 g plant stanols divided over the three meals (0.42 g at breakfast, 0.84 g at lunch and 1.25 g at dinner, which is proportional to dietary cholesterol intake). Each period lasted 4 weeks. Plant stanols were esteri®ed with fatty acids from low erucic rapeseed oil (LEAR) and incorporated into margarines or shortenings. Results: Consumption of 2.5 g plant stanols at lunch results in a similar low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol-lowering ef®cacy compared to consumption of 2.5 g plant stanols divided over the three meals (À0.29 mmolal compared with the control period (P`0.001; 95% CI, À0.19 to À0.39 mmolal) for the once per day diet and À0.31 mmolal (P`0.001; 95% CI, À0.20 to À0.41 mmolal)) for the three times per day period). High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations did not change. After standardization for LDL cholesterol, the sum of the most lipophylic hydrocarbon carotenoids (ie a-carotene, b-carotene and lycopene) in particular was slightly, though not signi®cantly, lowered by À0.017 + 0.018 mmolammol LDL cholesterol (P 0.307) after the once per day period and by À0.032 + 0.016 mmolammol LDL cholesterol (P 0.049) after the three times per day period. Conclusions: Our ®ndings suggest that for lowering LDL cholesterol concentrations it is not necessary to consume products rich in plant stanol ester at each meal or simultaneously with dietary cholesterol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters

et al. 2000

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“…γ-Sitosterol Hypolipidemic agent (lowers the levels of certain lipids in the blood and inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from the diet) [38].…”

Section: 86mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Cordia Myxa Fruit: Phytochemical Screening and Identification of Some Bioactive Compounds.

Shwaish¹,

Imarah²

2017

IJAR

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“…When typical amounts of sterols (240-320 mg) are consumed, only about 5% are absorbed from the small intestine [53]. Thus, the dietary intake of phytosterols causes an increased excretion of both dietary and biliary cholesterol in humans [35]. In addition to reducing the absorption of cholesterol, plant stanols inhibit the absorption of other plant sterols [32].…”

Section: Phytosterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive substances of plant origin in food - impact on genomics

Orzechowski¹,

Ostaszewski²,

Jank³

et al. 2002

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-In the past decade, substantial progress has been made concerning our knowledge of bioactive components in plant foods and their links to health. Human diets of plant origin contain many hundreds of compounds which cannot be considered as nutrients, but appear to play a role in the maintenance of health. These substances are called nutraceuticals. In some cases where the disease process is at least partially understood, elements of protection can be related to a single compound or structurally related group of compounds in the diet. Bioactive components of food which are of special interest include the following groups: polyphenols, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, phytates and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of them are featured by antioxidant properties. In the first part of this review, we indicate the main groups of bioactive compounds giving a description of their localisation, chemical properties and biological actions. Recently, it was shown, however, that the bioavailability of potential antioxidants from plant foods is generally too low to have any substantial direct effect on reactive oxygen species. As a result of that it is postulated that dietary compounds, even in very low concentrations, may have a far greater impact than previously appreciated on the regulation of gene expression. The second part of this paper concerns the action of the literally most important bioactive substances on the molecular mechanisms of the control of genes which in turn affect cellular metabolism. A few current studies on the action of selected nutraceuticals on the activity of transcription factors such as AP-1, NF-kB, SREBPs, PPARs as final targets in the signal transduction cascade and gene regulation are included. A detailed analysis of numerous factors of dietary origin with their targets is far beyond the scope of this paper. However, continuing research on the effects of nutraceuticals on gene expression should provide insight into the mechanisms of prevention of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and cancer by dietary manipulations.bioactive compounds / antioxidants / transcription factors / AP-1 / NF-kB / PPARs / SREBPs / gene expression Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42 (2002) [461][462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477] 461

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Mechanisms of action of plant sterols on inhibition of cholesterol absorption

Cited by 172 publications

References 19 publications

Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters

Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters

Chemical Composition of Cordia Myxa Fruit: Phytochemical Screening and Identification of Some Bioactive Compounds.

Bioactive substances of plant origin in food - impact on genomics

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