Mechanisms of arterial remodeling: lessons from genetic diseases

Varik, Bernard J. van; Rennenberg, Roger J M W; Reutelingsperger, Chris; Kroon, Abraham A.; Leeuw, Peter W. de; Schurgers, Leon J.

doi:10.3389/fgene.2012.00290

Cited by 136 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Thus, a possible explanation could be that increased endostatin mirrors a systemic elevated angiogenic activity, reflecting increased neovascularization induced by vascular, myocardial, or renal ischemia, similar as the role suggested for vascular endothelial growth factor. 4,13,14,[36][37][38] Endostatin has also been shown to exert acute reductions in blood pressure via a release of NO, 39 and individuals with Down Syndrome have significantly higher circulating levels of endostatin and exhibit lower blood pressure compared with control subjects. 40,41 This may indicate that endostatin, per se, may exert a blood pressure lowering effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Circulating Endostatin, Hypertension Duration, and Hypertensive Target-Organ Damage

et al. 2013

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Abstract-Our aim is to study associations between circulating endostatin, hypertension duration, and hypertensive target-organ damage. Long-term hypertension induces cardiovascular and renal remodeling. Circulating endostatin, a biologically active derivate of collagen XVIII, has been suggested to be a relevant marker for extracellular matrix turnover and remodeling in various diseases. However, the role of endostatin in hypertension and hypertensive targetorgan damage is unclear. Serum endostatin was measured in 2 independent community-based cohorts: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; women 51%; n=812; mean age, 75 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n=785; mean age, 77.6 years). Retrospective data on blood pressure measurements and antihypertensive medication (PIVUS >5 years, ULSAM >27 years), and cross-sectional data on echocardiographic left ventricular mass, endothelial function (endothelium-dependent vasodilation assessed by the invasive forearm model), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were available. In PIVUS, participants with ≥5 years of history of hypertension portrayed 0.42 SD (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.61; P<0.001) higher serum endostatin, compared with that of normotensives. This association was replicated in ULSAM, in which participants with 27 years hypertension duration had the highest endostatin (0.57 SD higher; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.80; P<0.001).In addition, higher endostatin was associated with higher left ventricular mass, worsened endothelial function, and higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (P<0.03 for all) in participants with prevalent hypertension. Circulating endostatin is associated with the duration of hypertension, and vascular, myocardial, and renal indices of hypertensive target-organ damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,13,14 Meanwhile, extracellular matrix proteinases also increase in those tissues. 4,15,16 Thus, endostatin, a cleaved product of collagen XVIII, could be an indicator of adverse extracellular remodeling in hypertension.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association Between Circulating Endostatin, Hypertension Duration, and Hypertensive Target-Organ Damage

et al. 2013

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“…The mechanisms involved include fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells, loss of contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells, deposition of collagen, fragmentation of the elastic lamina, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial calcification. 5 Collectively, these vascular changes alter the pressure waveform of the aorta, which is composed of a forward traveling wave generated by cardiac contraction and a backwards traveling wave generated by reflection from peripheral arteries. The latter is generated at vascular bifurcations and at sites where elastic conduit arteries convert into muscular resistance arteries.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Bp Regulation In the Oldest Oldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Hypertension in the Oldest Old

et al. 2014

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A n 88-year-old woman with chronic hypertension was seen in the internal/geriatric medicine outpatient clinic. She had been treated for high blood pressure (BP) for ≈20 years with a low-dose thiazide, to which an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor had been added 5 years ago. In addition, after a possible transient ischemic attack 10 years ago, aspirin, omeprazole, and simvastatin had been added. She is known with mild cognitive impairment, which is stable with a mini-mental state examination score of 25, and a mild depression for which fluoxetine has been prescribed. In addition, she experienced 2 falls in the past 2 years; calcium/vitamin D and alendronate were started for the management of osteoporosis. On physical examination, she appears vital with a normal fluent gait and no signs of hemiparesis. Her BP is 165/75 mm Hg in the sitting position. Immediately after standing up from her chair, she feels dizzy for ≈10 seconds, but after 1 and 3 minutes, no orthostatic hypotension is found. Estimated glomerular filtration rate is 50 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 . Should antihypertensive treatment be intensified, left unaltered, or reduced?The oldest old, that is, persons aged ≥80 years, will be the fastest growing segment of the population for the next 40 years. By 2050, more than one quarter of all men and women aged ≥65 years in the Western world will be in the oldest old group. 1Despite longer life expectancy, the prevalence of various chronic diseases and functional impairment increases with age. As a result, populations of older individuals are often highly heterogeneous and individuals with same chronological age vary widely in health and functional ability. In other words, there is substantial heterogeneity in their biological age, and those at the higher end of biological age are often referred to as vulnerable or frail.BP rises with age, and ≈80% of people in Western societies aged ≥80 years have hypertension.2 Their hypertension is commonly characterized by elevated systolic BP, with often normal or even low diastolic BP. The widened pulse pressure (PP) is a reflection of increased arterial stiffness. Despite the large body of evidence in middle-aged populations, the predictive value of high BP in this rapidly growing older population is still debated, as is the question of whether hypertension should be treated, and if so, how intensively. Importantly, the current paradigm of lower is better may not apply to (untreated or treated) BP in the oldest old.In this concise narrative review, we summarize evidence from observational studies and randomized clinical trials. We conclude that biological age/frailty is becoming an important criterion for treatment decisions. Finally, we address what we think are the most pressing research questions for the coming years. Pathophysiology of BP Regulation in the Oldest OldAlthough hypertension in the oldest old may reflect a longstanding condition, often it manifests itself as a de novo abnormality. Data from the Framingham Heart Study indicate that the majority of patient...

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“…Namely, Russians may develop atherosclerosis-related conditions at a younger age than Japanese subjects, which is supported by the WHO data for CVD 14) . tion of oxidative stress and inflammation 7,18,29) . The NOS3 gene is responsible for the endothelial NOS production 17) , and NOS3 -786T C has been reported to be associated with CVD 16) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atherogenesis is the basic cause underlying the development of CVD 5) . Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, including vascular plaque formation, along with arterial media remodeling 6,7) , and these are predictive of damage to target organs such as Russian males was odd, one Japanese subject was allocated to one Russian subject in one case. Both Russian and Japanese subjects were volunteers recruited from local medical students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Ankle-Brachial Index in Young Russians

Sorokin

Kotani

Бушуева

et al. 2015

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Aim: A noninvasive approach to assess atherosclerosis in young people is of great concern. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) reflect the arterial conditions, although the CAVI has not fully been studied in Russian populations. This study aimed to determine the CAVI and ABI in young Russians, to compare these findings with those in their Japanese peers and to investigate the lifestyle correlates and genetic associations with the CAVI and ABI in the Russians. Methods: In addition to several atherosclerotic parameters and self-reported lifestyle factors, the CAVI and ABI levels were measured in 114 Russians (mean 21 years). Four gene polymorphisms, including cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B polymorphism, were typed in some of the subjects. Results: The Russians exhibited significantly higher CAVI levels compared to their Japanese counterparts (5.87 vs. 5.36; p 0.05), while the ABI levels were similar between the two populations. In the Russians, the ABI was significantly correlated with the mean blood pressure (r 0.26) and heart rate (r 0.43), while the CAVI did not show such correlations. No significant associations existed between lifestyle-related factors and the CAVI or ABI levels. A lower ABI level was found in carriers with the T-allele of CETP Taq1B in the Russians. Conclusions: The reference CAVI value can be specified for individual ethnic populations. Our findings suggest that Russians may develop atherosclerosis-related conditions at a younger age compared to Japanese subjects, although this must be verified in additional studies. The possible association between CETP polymorphisms and the ABI deserves further investigation. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2015; 22:211-218.

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Mechanisms of arterial remodeling: lessons from genetic diseases

Cited by 136 publications

References 111 publications

Association Between Circulating Endostatin, Hypertension Duration, and Hypertensive Target-Organ Damage

Association Between Circulating Endostatin, Hypertension Duration, and Hypertensive Target-Organ Damage

Treatment of Hypertension in the Oldest Old

The Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Ankle-Brachial Index in Young Russians

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