“…In aluminum alloys, the formation of geometrically necessary boundaries (GNB), which are initially low-angle in nature, occurs during Stage I [2, 4,[8][9][10][11]. 3D arrays of LABs evolve through the intersection of GNBs appearing in non-coplanar slip planes [8,9] or rearrangement of lattice dislocations by climb [2, 4,12]. Next, in Stage II, these boundaries are gradually transformed into HABs at a relatively high rate due to the continued occurrence of dislocation slip within the individual domains [2, [8][9][10][11].…”