Mechanisms of ethylene action

Smith, A. R.; Hall, Michael

doi:10.1007/bf00124765

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The mechanism underlying C2H4 action on PN and g, has not been determined, nor has it been for other C2H4-mediated responses (8). Although gas exchange in some species appears to be insensitive to C2H4, this study and previous work indicate that, at least in G. max, there is a biochemical basis for the response of gas exchange.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Ethylene Directly Inhibits Foliar Gas Exchange in Glycine max

Gunderson¹,

Taylor²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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Gas exchange of individual attached leaves of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr cv Davis, was monitored during exposure to exogenous ethylene (C2H4) to test the hypothesis that the effects of C2H4 on net photosynthesis (PN) and stomatal conductance to H20 vapor (g8) are direct and not mediated by changes in leaf orientation to light. Leaflets were held perpendicular to incident light in a temperature-controlled cuvette throughout a 5.5 hour exposure to 10 microliters per liter C2H4. Declines in both PN and g, were evident within 2 hours and became more pronounced throughout the exposure period. In C2H4 treated plants, PN and g, decreased to 80 and 62%, respectively, of the rates in control plants. Because epinastic movement of the leaflets was prohibited by the cuvette, the observed declines in PN and g, were a direct effect of C2H4 rather than the result of reduced light interception caused by changing leaf angle.Several studies have examined the effects of C2H4 on foliar gas exchange, and decreases in PN3 and/or g, have been reported in a number of species (2-5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14). Other researchers have reported no change in gas exchange and have concluded that for some or all species, gas exchange is unresponsive (6,(16)(17)(18). Interspecific differences in responsiveness to C2H4 seem to explain the discrepancies in many cases; species differences have been reported in several studies (4, 5, 7, 9, 1 1), but differences in technique could also be a factor. For example, it has recently been proposed (16)(17)(18)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Ethylene Directly Inhibits Foliar Gas Exchange in Glycine max

Gunderson¹,

Taylor²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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“…However, the rate of curvature in pretreated roots declined after the first hour and total curvature after 6 h was less than that of controls. Pretreatment of roots with silver nitrate, an inhibitor of ethylene action (16), delayed the response and reduced the final curvature somewhat (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Effect Of Ethylene Biosynthesis Inhibitors On Gravitropic Cumentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Ethylene on the Kinetics of Curvature and Auxin Redistribution in Gravistimulated Roots of Zea mays

Lee

Chang²,

Evans³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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We tested the involvement of ethylene in maize (Zea mays L.) root gravitropism by measuring the kinetics of curvature and lateral auxin movement in roots treated with ethylene, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis, or inhibitors of ethylene action. In the presence of ethylene the latent period of gravitropic curvature appeared to be increased somewhat. However, ethylene-treated roots continued to curve after control roots had reached their final angle of curvature. Consequently, maximum curvature in the presence of ethylene was much greater in ethylene-treated roots than in controls. Inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action had effects on the kinetics of curvature opposite to that of ethylene, i.e. the latent period appeared to be shortened somewhat while total curvature was reduced relative to that of controls. Label from applied 3H-indole-3-acetic acid was preferentially transported toward the lower side of stimulated roots. In parallel with effects on curvature, ethylene treatment delayed the development of gravity-induced asymmetric auxin movement across the root but extended its duration once initiated. The auxin transport inhibitor, 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid reduced both gravitropic curvature and the effect of ethylene on curvature. Since neither ethylene nor inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action prevented curvature, we conclude that ethylene does not mediate the primary differential growth response causing curvature. Because ethylene affects curvature and auxin transport in parallel, we suggest that ethylene modifies curvature by affecting gravityinduced lateral transport of auxin, perhaps by interfering with adaptation of the auxin transport system to the gravistimulus.The role of ethylene in gravitropism is controversial. Burg and Burg (1) suggested that accumulation of auxin along the lower side of gravistimulated roots leads to enhancement ofethylene production there. They proposed that the elevation of ethylene leads to growth inhibition resulting in downward curvature. This interpretation now seems overly simplified since we now know that root gravitropism results from acceleration of growth along the upper side as well as inhibition along the lower side (9, 15). Also, there is evidence that the elevation of ethylene levels in auxin-treated roots may be insufficient to account for auxin-induced growth inhibition (3). Wheeler and Salisbury (19) reported that inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action retard shoot gravitropism, and they suggested that ethylene mediates gravitropic curvature in these shoots. However, questions have been raised regarding both the statistical significance of the inhibitions observed and the specificity of the high concentrations of inhibitors used in this study (14). Harrison and Pickard (6) studied the role of ethylene in the negative gravitropic response oftomato hypocotyls. They found that gravitropism can occur without substantial changes in ethylene production and also that curvature is unaffected by raising or lowering ethylene in the hypocoty...

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“…It seems to involve the formation of ethylene oxide followed by conversion to ethylene glycol and subsequent release of carbon dioxide [42] . A mechanism for ethylene action has been suggested which is correlated with the rate of metabolism as it is known that different tissues metabolize ethylene at different rates [4) .…”

Section: Metabolism Of Ethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the role of ethylene in biochemical control of ripening in tomato fruit

Goodenough

1986

Plant Growth Regul

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The possible ways in which ethylene controls cell wall degradation and colour change are compared with the control of the respiratory rate of ripening tomato fruit . It would appear that the biosynthesis of ethylene is intimately involved with the former change but control of the latter change is much more complex and could be less ethylene dependent than previously thought . Increases in the respiratory rate may either involve extra-mitochondrial decarboxylation and the cyanide-insensitive part of the electron transport chain or direct stimulation of dark respiration and the cyanidesensitive electron transport . Although ethylene cannot be shown to influence the individual biochemical steps which would lead to increased respiration there appears to be ethylene stimulation of overall gas exchange . Existing data on the two separate systems of ethylene metabolism seem to rule out the OX (CO, formation) pathway as the source of the "climacteric" carbon dioxide . Either the OX or the TI (tissue incorporation) systems of ethylene metabolism are candidates for the "switch on" of transcription and translation of genes involved in cell-wall hydrolysis . Considerable opportunities exist for clarification of the role of bioregulators in gas exchange in ripening tomato fruit .

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Mechanisms of ethylene action

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Ethylene Directly Inhibits Foliar Gas Exchange in Glycine max

Ethylene Directly Inhibits Foliar Gas Exchange in Glycine max

Effects of Ethylene on the Kinetics of Curvature and Auxin Redistribution in Gravistimulated Roots of Zea mays

A review of the role of ethylene in biochemical control of ripening in tomato fruit

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