Mechanisms of host cell exit by the intracellular bacterium<i>Chlamydia</i>

Hybiske, Kevin; Stephens, Richard S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0703218104

Cited by 418 publications

(489 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These RB, present in the endocytic vesicle, termed the chlamydial inclusion at that stage, actively replicate by binary fission for several hours and eventually redifferentiate into EB; intermediate bodies that represent transitional forms between EB and RB can also be observed during the differentiation and redifferentiation steps. Completion of the developmental cycle usually occurs after 48 to 72 hours by release of the infectious chlamydial progeny from infected host cells by cell lysis and/or partial or complete inclusion extrusion [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 growth in polarized genital epithelial cells grown in three-dimensional culture with non-polarized cells

Dessus-Babus

Moore

Whittimore

et al. 2008

Microbes and Infection

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A common model for studying Chlamydia trachomatis and growing chlamydial stocks uses Lymphogranuloma venereum serovar L2 and non-polarized HeLa cells. However, recent publications indicate that the growth rate and progeny yields can vary considerably for a particular strain depending on the cell line/type used, and seem to be partially related to cell tropism. In the present study, the growth of invasive serovar L2 was compared in endometrial HEC-1B and endocervical HeLa cells polarized on collagen-coated microcarrier beads, as well as in HeLa cells grown in tissue culture flasks. Microscopy analysis revealed no difference in chlamydial attachment/ entry patterns or in inclusion development throughout the developmental cycle between cell lines. Very comparable growth curves in both cell lines were also found using real-time PCR analysis, with increases in chlamydial DNA content of 400-500-fold between 2 and 36 h post-inoculation. Similar progeny yields with comparable infectivity were recovered from HEC-1B and HeLa cell bead cultures, and no difference in chlamydial growth was found in polarized vs. non-polarized HeLa cells. In conclusion, unlike other C. trachomatis strains such as urogenital serovar E, invasive serovar L2 grows equally well in physiologically different endometrial and endocervical environments, regardless of the host cell polarization state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 growth in polarized genital epithelial cells grown in three-dimensional culture with non-polarized cells

Dessus-Babus

Moore

Whittimore

et al. 2008

Microbes and Infection

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“…Cell lysis involves the sequential disruption of the inclusion and cellular membranes by cysteine proteases (Hybiske and Stephens 2007b). In contrast, the extrusion of inclusions requires actin polymerization, myosin, the Rho family GTPase RhoA, and leaves the host cell intact (Hybiske and Stephens 2007b).…”

Section: Exiting the Host Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the developmental cycle, EBs are released by two mutually exclusive mechanisms: cell lysis and extrusion (Hybiske and Stephens 2007b). Cell lysis involves the sequential disruption of the inclusion and cellular membranes by cysteine proteases (Hybiske and Stephens 2007b).…”

Section: Exiting the Host Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydial Intracellular Survival Strategies

Bastidas

Elwell

Engel

et al. 2013

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

206

197

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Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of blinding trachoma. Although Chlamydia is protected from humoral immune responses by residing within remodeled intracellular vacuoles, it still must contend with multilayered intracellular innate immune defenses deployed by its host while scavenging for nutrients. Here we provide an overview of Chlamydia biology and highlight recent findings detailing how this vacuole-bound pathogen manipulates host -cellular functions to invade host cells and maintain a replicative niche.

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“…Infectious yet metabolically inert elementary bodies (EBs) invade target cells and differentiate into the vegetative, noninfectious, metabolically active reticulate bodies (RBs). Replication of RBs occurs within the expanding inclusion in intimate association with the inclusion membrane, and the developmental cycle is completed by the differentiation of RBs back into EBs (40), which later exit the cell by various mechanisms (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bioinformatic and Biochemical Evidence for the Identification of the Type III Secretion System Needle Protein ofChlamydia trachomatis

et al. 2008

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Chlamydia spp. express a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) necessary for pathogenesis and intracellular growth. However, certain essential components of the secretion apparatus have diverged to such a degree as to preclude their identification by standard homology searches of primary protein sequences. One example is the needle subunit protein. Electron micrographs indicate that chlamydiae possess needle filaments, and yet database searches fail to identify a SctF homologue. We used a bioinformatics approach to identify a likely needle subunit protein for Chlamydia. Experimental evidence indicates that this protein, designated CdsF, has properties consistent with it being the major needle subunit protein. CdsF is concentrated in the outer membrane of elementary bodies and is surface exposed as a component of an extracellular needle-like projection. During infection CdsF is detectible by indirect immunofluorescence in the inclusion membrane with a punctuate distribution adjacent to membrane-associated reticulate bodies. Biochemical cross-linking studies revealed that, like other SctF proteins, CdsF is able to polymerize into multisubunit complexes. Furthermore, we identified two chaperones for CdsF, termed CdsE and CdsG, which have many characteristics of the Pseudomonas spp. needle chaperones PscE and PscG, respectively. In aggregate, our data are consistent with CdsF representing at least one component of the extended Chlamydia T3SS injectisome. The identification of this secretion system component is essential for studies involving ectopic reconstitution of the Chlamydia T3SS. Moreover, we anticipate that CdsF could serve as an efficacious target for anti-Chlamydia neutralizing antibodies.

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Mechanisms of host cell exit by the intracellular bacteriumChlamydia

Cited by 418 publications

References 43 publications

Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 growth in polarized genital epithelial cells grown in three-dimensional culture with non-polarized cells

Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 growth in polarized genital epithelial cells grown in three-dimensional culture with non-polarized cells

Chlamydial Intracellular Survival Strategies

Bioinformatic and Biochemical Evidence for the Identification of the Type III Secretion System Needle Protein ofChlamydia trachomatis

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