Mechanisms of human-black bear conflicts in Japan: In preparation for climate change

Honda, Takeshi; Kozakai, Chinatsu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140028

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Understanding how adverse weather conditions may affect elk movements can help anticipate changes in elk use of conflict zones and the level of management actions needed. Snowpack may influence wildlife distribution through locomotion restrictions, energetic demands, and decreased access to forage resources (Reed et al 2009, Brodie et al 2014, Beumer et al 2017, Honda and Kozakai 2020). Our results indicate that increasing snowpack, as measured by SWE, reduced the number of elk using the conflict zone in Madison despite its lower elevation than surrounding tolerance zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elk Responses to Management Hunting and Hazing

Jones¹,

Proffitt

Paterson

et al. 2021

J Wildl Manag

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Human‐wildlife conflicts are widespread around the world and result in property damage, disease spillover, financial loss, and decreased tolerance of wildlife. Increasing elk (Cervus canadensis) populations and land‐use changes in the western United States are challenging resource managers tasked with managing conflict. Lethal and non‐lethal management actions are commonly used to remove elk from conflict zones where they are not desired. We used radio‐collar location data collected from female elk in 2 study areas in Montana, USA, from 2017–2020 to evaluate population‐ and individual‐level responses to management actions (i.e., hunting, hazing) and environmental factors (i.e., weather, season, time of day). First, we used a generalized linear model with a logit link to evaluate the effects of hunting, hazing, time period, seasonality, and weather on the proportion of collared elk that used a conflict zone. Second, we used an ordinary linear model to assess the influence of hunting, hazing, seasonality, and weather on the duration of time that individual elk remained away from conflict zones. The proportion of elk using conflict zones was reduced by hunting, modestly reduced by hazing and increasing snowpack for 1 study area, increased at night, and decreased by a seasonal trend across months. The time individual elk remained away from conflict zones increased with the number of hazing events that occurred during an event and showed a modest seasonal trend increasing across months. For 1 study area, time away increased with the number of hunting days during an event and increasing snowpack, but the increase was biologically trivial. Our results indicate mixed responses of elk to hunting and hazing actions and provide evidence that management actions can influence elk use of conflict areas. Agencies trying to reduce conflicts may want to consider a combination of hunting and hazing, while accounting for site‐specific characteristics to keep elk away from conflict zones. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elk Responses to Management Hunting and Hazing

Jones¹,

Proffitt

Paterson

et al. 2021

J Wildl Manag

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“…Despite the low number of incidents with humans in Asia, they have been reported in many other countries including India, Bhutan, and Japan (Charoo et al, 2009(Charoo et al, , 2011Honda & Kozakai, 2020;Huygens et al, 2004;Jamtsho & Wangchuk, 2016;Sathyakumar, 2001). About 30 people were injured in different incidents between 2015 and 2019 of which two cases were fatal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, and are included in the Appendix I of the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (Bista & Aryal, 2013). Conflicts around Asiatic black bears have been reported across many parts of their range, such as in Nepal (Adhikari et al, 2018), Bhutan (Penjor & Dorji, 2020) India (Yadav et al, 2009(Yadav et al, , 2019, China (Liu et al, 2011), and Japan (Honda & Kozakai, 2020). Such conflicts include livestock predation (Dar et al, 2009;Hwang et al, 2010;Jamtsho & Wangchuk, 2016), crop damage (Bista & Aryal, 2013;Liu et al, 2011;Yamada & Fujioka, 2010), and human incidents (Awais et al, 2016;Khan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative interactions between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in northern Pakistan

Ali¹,

Zaman²,

Omer

et al. 2022

Conservat Sci and Prac

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The conservation of the vulnerable Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Pakistan is challenged by retaliatory killing, driven by negative interactions between people and bears, such as livestock depredation. We distributed a questionnaire among 369 individuals in rural communities within the Mansehra District, Pakistan, where bear retaliatory killings are often reported. We focused on human–Asiatic black bear negative interactions, such as livestock depredations, crop damage, and human injuries occurring between 2015 and 2019. Although the number of livestock depredation events was small in absolute terms (an average of 11.5 livestock heads reported to be killed annually), it had a large estimated economic impact in terms of local economies ($1367 per year, or a total of $5.469 between 2015 and 2019). Such annual estimated costs account for 93% of the per capita gross domestic product for Pakistan, roughly equivalent to $55,853 for a US citizen. Additionally, 30 incidents between people and bears were registered, where 6% human were fatal. We recommend awareness campaigns on different mitigating interventions, and training on how to use them, as well as behaviors to reduce the risk of negative interactions.

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“…Asiatic black bears are well-known crop raiders in most of their distribution range Kazmi et al, 2019;Zahoor et al, 2020). They are topping the list of wildlife species that damage crops in and around parks and reserves in south Asia (Honda and Kozakai, 2020). The exclusion of such a pest species from orchards and agricultural fields is historically evident in the form of ancient walls and barriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-black bear conflict: crop raiding by Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

et al. 2024

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Asiatic black bear has long been in conflict with human beings crop raiding is a major cause of this conflict frequently noted in South Asia. Crops raided by black bears affected by temporal, spatial and anthropogenic attributes. Insight in this conflict and its mitigation is vital for the conservation of this threatened species. Present study aimed to evaluate crop raiding by black bears in the mountainous region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Field surveys were carried out to observe spatial and temporal crop raiding features between 2015-2020 and data gathered using designed questionnaires randomly tailored in villages nearby the forests. Results revealed that maize was the sole crop raided by black bears. A total of 28-acre area was raided by black bear in the fall season (Aug-November) resulting in a damage of 51 metric tons, whole raiding was carried out at night. Each respondent received crop damage on 0.09 acre with a loss of 0.17 metric ton yield. Crop quantity and area were significantly correlated to each other. District Neelum shared 49% of the total crop loss, while 47% of the maize was raided at the altitudinal range of 2100-2500 m. crop raiding was highly significantly ( χ 2 = 1174.64 ; d f = 308 ; p < 0.01) dependent upon distance to the forest. Linear regression revealed that maize quantity was determined by area, time and the total field area. Farmers faced 3.8 million PKRs loss due to crop damage by black bears. Despite the huge loss, the majority (23%) of the respondents did not respond to the query on mitigation measures indicating a poor adaptation of preventive measures. Preferred strategy to avoid crop damage was making noise (27.8%) when bears attacked their crops. A start of compensation scheme to the farmers is recommended that will have turned their negative attitude into a positive one toward the wildlife and black bear particularly. Study provides a new insight in human-bear conflict, particularly in spatial and temporal context of crop raiding in AJ&K.

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Mechanisms of human-black bear conflicts in Japan: In preparation for climate change

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Elk Responses to Management Hunting and Hazing

Elk Responses to Management Hunting and Hazing

Negative interactions between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in northern Pakistan

Human-black bear conflict: crop raiding by Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

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