Mechanisms of Manganese Oxide Electrocatalysts Degradation during Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Abstract

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Reversible and irreversible processes during cyclic voltammetry of an electrodeposited manganese oxide as catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction

“…Usually, degradation is associated with changes of the surface and bulk oxide composition, long range order (i.e. crystallinity) and/or microstructure, but it can be also caused by detachment, particle agglomeration, or blocking by oxygen bubbles [17][18][19][20][21]. These material modifications due to activation and degradation can be electrochemically observed as changes in overpotential at fixed current or changes in current at fixed overpotential [17,[22][23][24].…”

Mesoporous NiFe2O4 with Tunable Pore Morphology for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

“…More importantly, the incorporated elements are cheap and available, in contrast to cobalt‐containing mixed metal oxide electrocatalysts [79] . Long‐term stability as another important parameter for application is also provided, contrary to manganese‐containing compounds [80] …”

“…[79] Long-term stability as another important parameter for application is also provided, contrary to manganese-containing compounds. [80]…”

Nickel‐Doping Effect on Mn3O4 Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation under Neutral Condition

“…The slight decrease of measured potential for the nanocatalysts was attributed to Mn dissolution process in the form of Mn 2+ and MnO 4 − during OER. [41,42] The increase of measured potential for bare Ni foam was due to the formation of oxidized layers. The durability at the higher current density of 50 mA cm -2 was also examined for practical application in water electrolysis.…”

“…The measured potential maintained below 1.30 V versus NHE for 21 h, which is lower than the applied potential for bare Ni foam. The slight decrease of measured potential for the nano‐catalysts was attributed to Mn dissolution process in the form of Mn 2+ and MnO 4 − during OER . The increase of measured potential for bare Ni foam was due to the formation of oxidized layers.…”