Mechanisms of methanol synthesis from hydrogen and carbon oxides at Cu–Zn-containing catalysts in the context of some fundamental problems of heterogeneous catalysis

A Cu/Zn/Al/Zr Fibrous Catalyst that is an Improved CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Catalyst

“…The key is to keep a high dispersion of the Cu/Zn crystallites where the active sites are [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Some works seek to improve the dispersion of the conventional Cu/Zn/Al catalyst by using complicated preparation procedure or expensive organic solvents.…”

Chemical Recycling of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol and Dimethyl Ether: From Greenhouse Gas to Renewable, Environmentally Carbon Neutral Fuels and Synthetic Hydrocarbons

“…The formed CO 2 then reacts with hydrogen to produce methanol. 39,53,54 In fact, it has been shown that reacting on a commercial methanol catalyst a CO/H 2 mixture carefully purified from CO 2 and water produces no or very little methanol. 39 Varied process studies to produce methanol from CO 2 and H 2 were also reported.…”

Latest Advances in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol/Dimethylether

“…5.3), supporting the hypothesis that the reactivity of multicomponent catalysts no longer depends only on the availability of Cu sites [11, 25-30, 87, 89]. Particularly, a peculiar surface affinity to CO 2 , enhancing the formation of reactive intermediates, as a key factor of the reactivity of promoted Cu catalysts could be taken into account [28,29,36,[87][88][89][90].…”

“…In addition, it must be stressed that oxide promoters feature a peculiar surface affinity to either CO 2 or H 2 molecule that can further contribute to shape the functionality of multicomponent catalytic systems [28,29,36,[75][76][77][78][79]. Although this partially explains the high uncertainty on active sites in charge of the various surface functionalities of promoted Cu catalysts [2][3][4] and despite the similar physico-chemical characteristics of catalysts for methanol synthesis (MS), water gas shift (WGS), methanol steam reforming (MSR) and methanol decomposition (MD) processes [2,4,43,44,[80][81][82][83][84] and composition and redox potential of the reacting atmosphere also influence morphology and chemical state of Cu particles indeed [85,86].…”

“…In fact, apart from the generally recognised indispensable promoting influence of ZnO on the catalytic functionality of Cu [2,4,30,33,[35][36][37][38][39], the lack of relationships between metal exposure (MSA) and activity seems to depend on a strong "synergism" of metal and oxide phases controlling texture, exposure of active sites and interaction with reagents, products and intermediates.…”