Mechanisms of Resistance in Conifers Against Shoot Infesting Insects

Alfaro, René I.; Borden, John H.; King, John; Tomlin, Elizabeth S.; McIntosh, Rory L.; Bohlmann, Jörg

doi:10.1007/0-306-47596-0_4

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Weevil attack and mechanical wounding induce the formation of one or more rings of resin-filled, axial TDs in stems of Sitka spruce (Alfaro et al, 2002;Byun McKay et al, 2003). Similarly, formation of TDs is induced in Norway spruce upon treatment with MeJA (Franceschi et al, 2002;Martin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Weevil-and Meja-induced Terpenoid Accumulation In Stems Of Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The white pine weevil is the most destructive insect pest of Sitka spruce in much of the tree's natural range of distribution in western North America (Alfaro et al, 2002). Severe deformation and mortality of Sitka spruce is caused by feeding and ovipositing adult weevils and by larvae that feed under the bark on phloem, vascular cambium, and developing xylem of the apical shoot leaders of young trees (Alfaro et al, 2002) and thus girdle growing apical leaders.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Severe deformation and mortality of Sitka spruce is caused by feeding and ovipositing adult weevils and by larvae that feed under the bark on phloem, vascular cambium, and developing xylem of the apical shoot leaders of young trees (Alfaro et al, 2002) and thus girdle growing apical leaders. The white pine weevil is also a major pest of planted Norway spruce forests and attacks other species of spruce and pine in North America (Alfaro, 1995;Alfaro et al, 2002). If introduced by transport of plants, soils, or forest products, the weevil could spread rapidly as an exotic pest of conifer forests in other parts of the world.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…If introduced by transport of plants, soils, or forest products, the weevil could spread rapidly as an exotic pest of conifer forests in other parts of the world. While constitutive and induced terpenoid defenses are known to contribute to the resistance of Sitka spruce against white pine weevils (Alfaro et al, 2002), very little is known about molecular mechanisms of terpenoid defenses that are activated in response to the white pine weevil (Byun McKay et al, 2003). It is also not clear how well treatment of trees with MeJA mimics the effect of real insects in inducing terpenoid defense responses in any conifer species.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insect-Induced Conifer Defense. White Pine Weevil and Methyl Jasmonate Induce Traumatic Resinosis, de Novo Formed Volatile Emissions, and Accumulation of Terpenoid Synthase and Putative Octadecanoid Pathway Transcripts in Sitka Spruce

et al. 2005

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Stem-boring insects and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are thought to induce similar complex chemical and anatomical defenses in conifers. To compare insect-and MeJA-induced terpenoid responses, we analyzed traumatic oleoresin mixtures, emissions of terpenoid volatiles, and expression of terpenoid synthase (TPS) genes in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) following attack by white pine weevils (Pissodes strobi) or application of MeJA. Both insects and MeJA caused traumatic resin accumulation in stems, with more accumulation induced by the weevils. Weevil-induced terpenoid emission profiles were also more complex than emissions induced by MeJA. Weevil feeding caused a rapid release of a blend of monoterpene olefins, presumably by passive evaporation of resin compounds from stem feeding sites. These compounds were not found in MeJA-induced emissions. Both weevils and MeJA caused delayed, diurnal emissions of (2)-linalool, indicating induced de novo biosynthesis of this compound. TPS transcripts strongly increased in stems upon insect attack or MeJA treatment. Time courses and intensity of induced TPS transcripts were different for monoterpene synthases, sesquiterpene synthases, and diterpene synthases. Increased levels of weevil-and MeJA-induced TPS transcripts accompanied major changes in terpenoid accumulation in stems. Induced TPS expression profiles in needles were less complex than those in stems and matched induced de novo emissions of (2) Chemical and physical defense of conifers against potential herbivores and pathogens depends on a large array of structurally diverse monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20;

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Section: Weevil-and Meja-induced Terpenoid Accumulation In Stems Of Smentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect-Induced Conifer Defense. White Pine Weevil and Methyl Jasmonate Induce Traumatic Resinosis, de Novo Formed Volatile Emissions, and Accumulation of Terpenoid Synthase and Putative Octadecanoid Pathway Transcripts in Sitka Spruce

et al. 2005

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“…Species of spruce (Picea spp. ), which are among the most important conifers for the forest industry, provide a very interesting system for molecular genetic and functional biochemical characterization of TPS and their roles in terpenoid defenses in gymnosperm trees (Alfaro et al, 2002). In Norway spruce, treatment with MeJA mimics insect attack in the induction of tissue-specific terpenoid responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional Characterization of Nine Norway Spruce TPS Genes and Evolution of Gymnosperm Terpene Synthases of the TPS-d Subfamily

2004

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Constitutive and induced terpenoids are important defense compounds for many plants against potential herbivores and pathogens. In Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), treatment with methyl jasmonate induces complex chemical and biochemical terpenoid defense responses associated with traumatic resin duct development in stems and volatile terpenoid emissions in needles. The cloning of (1)-3-carene synthase was the first step in characterizing this system at the molecular genetic level. Here we report the isolation and functional characterization of nine additional terpene synthase (TPS) cDNAs from Norway spruce. These cDNAs encode four monoterpene synthases, myrcene synthase, (2)-limonene synthase, (2)-a/bpinene synthase, and (2)-linalool synthase; three sesquiterpene synthases, longifolene synthase, E,E-a-farnesene synthase, and E-a-bisabolene synthase; and two diterpene synthases, isopimara-7,15-diene synthase and levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthase, each with a unique product profile. To our knowledge, genes encoding isopimara-7,15-diene synthase and longifolene synthase have not been previously described, and this linalool synthase is the first described from a gymnosperm. These functionally diverse TPS account for much of the structural diversity of constitutive and methyl jasmonate-induced terpenoids in foliage, xylem, bark, and volatile emissions from needles of Norway spruce. Phylogenetic analyses based on the inclusion of these TPS into the TPS-d subfamily revealed that functional specialization of conifer TPS occurred before speciation of Pinaceae. Furthermore, based on TPS enclaves created by distinct branching patterns, the TPS-d subfamily is divided into three groups according to sequence similarities and functional assessment. Similarities of TPS evolution in angiosperms and modeling of TPS protein structures are discussed.

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Mechanisms of Resistance in Conifers Against Shoot Infesting Insects

Cited by 29 publications

References 70 publications

Insect-Induced Conifer Defense. White Pine Weevil and Methyl Jasmonate Induce Traumatic Resinosis, de Novo Formed Volatile Emissions, and Accumulation of Terpenoid Synthase and Putative Octadecanoid Pathway Transcripts in Sitka Spruce

Insect-Induced Conifer Defense. White Pine Weevil and Methyl Jasmonate Induce Traumatic Resinosis, de Novo Formed Volatile Emissions, and Accumulation of Terpenoid Synthase and Putative Octadecanoid Pathway Transcripts in Sitka Spruce

Functional Characterization of Nine Norway Spruce TPS Genes and Evolution of Gymnosperm Terpene Synthases of the TPS-d Subfamily

The Role of Terpene Synthases in the Direct and Indirect Defense of Conifers Against Insect Herbivory and Fungal Pathogens

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