Mechanisms of Toxicity, Clinical Features, and Management of Acute Chlorophenoxy Herbicide Poisoning: A Review

Bradberry, Sally; Watt, B.E.; Proudfoot, A. T.; Vale, J. A.

doi:10.1081/clt-100100925

Cited by 124 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The toxicity of 2,4-D and other related compounds is attributed to the free acid form of the chemicals (Munro et al 1992) and may be mediated by effects associated with the plasma membrane, interference in cellular metabolic pathways involving acetyl coenzyme A, or uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (Bradberry et al 2000). Their herbicide action is mediated through plant hormone pathways, but to the best of our knowledge no solid evidence has been presented to date to support endocrine-like activity of these compounds in mammals or other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Cavieres

Jaeger

Porter

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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We investigated the developmental toxicity in mice of a common commercial formulation of herbicide containing a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), mecoprop, dicamba, and inactive ingredients. Pregnant mice were exposed to one of four different doses of the herbicide mixture diluted in their drinking water, either during preimplantation and organogenesis or only during organogenesis. Litter size, birth weight, and crown-rump length were determined at birth, and pups were allowed to lactate and grow without additional herbicide exposure so that they could be subjected to additional immune, endocrine, and behavioral studies, the results of which will be reported in a separate article. At weaning, dams were sacrificed, and the number of implantation sites was determined. The data, although apparently influenced by season, showed an inverted or U-shaped dose-response pattern for reduced litter size, with the low end of the dose range producing the greatest decrease in the number of live pups born. The decrease in litter size was associated with a decrease in the number of implantation sites, but only at very low and low environmentally relevant doses. Fetotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in weight and crown-rump length of the newborn pups or embryo resorption, was not significantly different in the herbicide-treated litters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Cavieres

Jaeger

Porter

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…O mecanismo de ação do 2,4-D ainda não foi totalmente compreendido (BONGIOVANNI et al, 2007), ressalta-se porém que o 2,4-D seja um inibidor da fosforilação oxidativa (SCHVARTSMAN, 1991;BRADBERRY et al, 2000). O uso extensivo deste herbicida motiva pesquisas sobre suas propriedades e efeitos sobre os organismos vivos e o meio ambiente.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Foram descritos 66 casos de intoxicação por herbicidas fenoxiácidos entre 1962 e 1999 em que a maioria dos casos envolvia o 2,4-D (BRADBERRY et al, 2000). Além disso, um estudo realizado no Mato Grosso do Sul verificou-se que dos 880 casos de intoxicação ocupacional, ocorridos entre 1992 e 2000, 13,4% envolviam herbicidas e, na maioria deles o principal causador foi o 2,4-D (RECENA et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Investigação Dos Efeitos Do Ácido 2,4 Diclorofenoxiacético Sobre Diferentes Populações De Neurônios Mioentéricos Do Duodeno De Ratos

Diamante

Ribeiro

Tibúrcio

et al. 2015

ArqVet

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DIAMANTE, N. A.; RIBEIRO, A. A.; TIBÚRCIO, V. G.; ROVIDA, A. F. S.; MARI, R. de B.; STABILLE, S. R.; GERMANO, R. M. Investigação dos efeitos do ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético sobre diferentes populações de neurônios mioentéricos do duodeno de ratos. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 2, p. 97-105, abr./jun. 2014. RESUMO:O herbicida mais usado, tanto em pequenas como em grandes propriedades, por isso mais amplamente estudado é o 2,4-D. Os estudos de toxicidade têm se concentrado sobre as alterações do sistema nervoso central, e por isto pouco se conhece sobre seus efeitos no sistema nervoso entérico. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do 2,4-D sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do duodeno de ratos foi fornecido durante 60 dias doses de 2,4-D na concentração de 5mg/kg de peso de corpóreo para ratosWistarde dois grupos experimentais (n=5). Os animais dos grupos controle permaneceram o mesmo período sem receber 2,4-D. Ao final do período experimental os animais foram mortos, os duodenos foram coletados e processados por meio das técnicas histoquímicas de NADH-diaforase e NADPH-diaforase. Os neurônios foram quantificados e os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. A densidade dos neurônios NADHd diferiu estatisticamente (P˂0,05) entre os grupos experimental e controle, sendo maior no grupo controle. Já os neurônios NADPHd foram encontrados em maior quantidade no grupo experimental. Estes resultados sugerem que o 2,4-D possui ação neurotóxica sobre os neurônios do plexo mioentérico, interferindo na densidade neuronal mioentérica, quando se compara diferentes populações destes neurônios. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Plexomioentérico. Plasticidade neuronal. Intestino delgado. Herbicidas. INVESTIGATION OF 2,4 DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID EFFECTS IN DIFFERENT POPULATION OF RAT DUODENUM MYENTERIC NEURONS ABSTRACT:The 2,4-D herbicide is the most widely used, both in small and in large properties. Therefore, it is also the one that is most broadly studied. Toxicity studies have been focused on changes in the central nervous system, and for this reason, little is known about its effect in the enteric nervous system. With the objective of measuring the effects of 2,4-D on the myenteric neurons in the duodenum of rats, doses of 2,4-D were supplied for 60 days at a concentration of 5mg/kg of body weight to Wistar rats divided into two different experimental groups (n=5). The animals in the control groups remained without 2,4-D doses for the same period. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized and their duodenum were collected and processed through NADH-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase histochemical techniques. The neurons were quantified and the results were statistically analyzed. The density of NADHd neurons differed statistically (P<0,05) between the experimental and control groups, being higher in the control group. However, NADPHd neurons were found in a greater quantity in the experimental group. These results suggest that the 2,4-D has a neurotoxic action in the neurons from the myenteric ...

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“…Although the exact mechanisms by which this herbicide is incorporated into cells are not totally understood, 2,4-D has been reported to be a peroxisome proliferator (Bradberry et al, 2000). In plant cells 2,4-D induces mitotic and meiotic irregularities both in vivo and in vitro (Khalatkar and Bhargava, 1982).…”

Section: The 24-d Herbicide and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These adaptive mechanisms might be a response to the deleterious effects exerted by 2,4-D on plasma membrane lipid organization and permeability, leading to nutrient import inhibition (Bradberry et al, 2000) (Figure 2). …”

Section: Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

Tayeb¹,

Nakbi²,

Chaieb³

et al. 2012

Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants

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Mechanisms of Toxicity, Clinical Features, and Management of Acute Chlorophenoxy Herbicide Poisoning: A Review

Abstract: While chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning is uncommon, ingestion of a chlorophenoxy herbicide can result in serious and sometimes fatal sequelae. In severe cases of poisoning, alkaline diuresis or hemodialysis to increase herbicide elimination should be considered.

Cited by 124 publications

References 57 publications

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Investigação Dos Efeitos Do Ácido 2,4 Diclorofenoxiacético Sobre Diferentes Populações De Neurônios Mioentéricos Do Duodeno De Ratos

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

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