Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta

Jones, R. L.; Boyd, R. D.; Sibley, CP; Polin, Abman; Fox,

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00012-3

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Significant changes in the placentas of patients with GDM have previously been identified, including decreased syncytiotrophoblasts apical microvilli density, a thickened placental barrier and increased ST vacuoles (23). Hayward et al (24) observed changes in placental glucose and neutral amino acids in the context of GdM; however, the changes in placental transfer of macromolecules, such as albumin, in GdM remain to be elucidated The leakage of EB bound to albumin in the present study provided evidence of the transfer of albumin through the placenta. reductions in TJ proteins in the placenta of GdM indicate dysfunction of the TJ barriers, thus increasing macromolecule flux via the paracellular route (6,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) improves placental permeability in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via reduction of tight junction factors

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) improves placental permeability in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via reduction of tight junction factors

et al. 2019

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“…It has been suggested that the first colonization of the fetus occurs via the placental microbiome, but there is no clear evidence for this [ 24 , 25 ]. Hemochorial placentas found in humans are characterized by high permeability to lipophilic substances, contain a protein-mediated transport system for glucose and amino acids, exhibit exocytosis and endocytosis, and are permeable to hydrophilic substances through pores that can be used for bacterial migration [ 24 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Placental Microbiome in Pregnancies with Late Fetal Growth Restriction versus Physiological Pregnancies

Stupak

Gęca

Kwaśniewska

et al. 2023

IJMS

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A comparative analysis of the placental microbiome in pregnancies with late fetal growth restriction (FGR) was performed with normal pregnancies to assess the impact of bacteria on placental development and function. The presence of microorganisms in the placenta, amniotic fluid, fetal membranes and umbilical cord blood throughout pregnancy disproves the theory of the “sterile uterus”. FGR occurs when the fetus is unable to follow a biophysically determined growth path. Bacterial infections have been linked to maternal overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as various short- and long-term problems. Proteomics and bioinformatics studies of placental biomass allowed the development of new diagnostic options. In this study, the microbiome of normal and FGR placentas was analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS mass spectrometry, and the bacteria present in both placentas were identified by analysis of a set of bacterial proteins. Thirty-six pregnant Caucasian women participated in the study, including 18 women with normal pregnancy and eutrophic fetuses (EFW > 10th percentile) and 18 women with late FGR diagnosed after 32 weeks of gestation. Based on the analysis of the proteinogram, 166 bacterial proteins were detected in the material taken from the placentas in the study group. Of these, 21 proteins had an exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) value of 0 and were not included in further analysis. Of the remaining 145 proteins, 52 were also present in the material from the control group. The remaining 93 proteins were present only in the material collected from the study group. Based on the proteinogram analysis, 732 bacterial proteins were detected in the material taken from the control group. Of these, 104 proteins had an emPAI value of 0 and were not included in further analysis. Of the remaining 628 proteins, 52 were also present in the material from the study group. The remaining 576 proteins were present only in the material taken from the control group. In both groups, we considered the result of ns prot ≥ 60 as the cut-off value for the agreement of the detected protein with its theoretical counterpart. Our study found significantly higher emPAI values of proteins representative of the following bacteria: Actinopolyspora erythraea, Listeria costaricensis, E. coli, Methylobacterium, Acidobacteria bacterium, Bacteroidetes bacterium, Paenisporsarcina sp., Thiodiazotropha endol oripes and Clostridiales bacterium. On the other hand, in the control group statistically more frequently, based on proteomic data, the following were found: Flavobacterial bacterium, Aureimonas sp. and Bacillus cereus. Our study showed that placental dysbiosis may be an important factor in the etiology of FGR. The presence of numerous bacterial proteins present in the control material may indicate their protective role, while the presence of bacterial proteins detected only in the material taken from the placentas of the study group may indicate their potentially pathogenic nature. This phenomenon is probably important in the development of the immune system in early life, and the placental microbiota and its metabolites may have great potential in the screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of FGR.

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Oral Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Tabatabaei

2024

Novel Drug Delivery Systems

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Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta

Cited by 16 publications

References 195 publications

Low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) improves placental permeability in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via reduction of tight junction factors

Low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin) improves placental permeability in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via reduction of tight junction factors

Comparative Analysis of the Placental Microbiome in Pregnancies with Late Fetal Growth Restriction versus Physiological Pregnancies

Oral Novel Drug Delivery Systems

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