Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders

Abstract

The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.

Effect of sildenafil citrate on women affected by sexual dysfunction referred to health clinics

“…Thus, it is highly effective in females' sexual function, particularly sexual arousal [29]. Its effects on increasing sexual arousal and lubrication [30], and loosening of the smooth muscles, particularly in arteries, veins, and arterioles of the vagina and the clitoris have also been reported in other studies [31].…”

The AMP-Related Kinase (AMPK) Induces Ca 2+ -Independent Dilation of Resistance Arteries by Interfering With Actin Filament Formation

“…The actin filaments of the contractile apparatus, contrary to many textbook sketches, do not seem to represent a merely passive scaffold to permit myosin filament sliding. Rather, actin polymerization is triggered 2,8,34 on stimulation with vasoconstrictors-a process which may enable smooth muscle to maintain a shorter cell length. In addition, actin polymerization might allow for better transmission of force to the extracellular matrix via integrins 35 and has also been linked to artery inward remodeling as observed in hypertension.…”

“…1 Rapidly occurring, short-term changes of blood flow are primarily achieved by changes in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) tone. 2 There is now ample evidence that vasoconstriction and vasodilation are mediated by increases or decreases of VSM cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) levels, ultimately leading to changes in the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC 20 ) by virtue of a calcium-calmodulin-dependent MLC kinase (MLCK). An additional mechanism with relevance to the control of vascular tone is regulation of the activity of MLC 20 phosphatase (MLCP), which can be altered independently of MLCK activity and of changes of [Ca 2+ ] i.…”

Analysis of Trends of Hypertensions Relating to the Leaves and Calculations in Blood in Employee and Recovery: Case Study in Place of Final Disposal (Fd) Medan - Marelan.

“…This is due to the direct influence of calcium ions in initiating the process of cardiac contraction. This instability of calcium will cause increasing arterioles of smooth muscle contractility thus increasing blood pressure [17].…”