Mechanistic aspects and growth of large diameter self-organized TiO2 nanotubes

Macák, Jan M.; Hildebrand, H.; Marten-Jahns, U.; Schmuki, Patrik

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.005

Cited by 479 publications

(409 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The pore size of the 80 nm and 120 nm were obtained when 30 V was maintained for 24 hours (Figure 2b) and 32 , the diameter changes linearly with the potential applied during the growth of nanotubes and it was observed in our results.…”

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confidence: 80%

Influence of Anodization Parameters in the TiO2 Nanotubes Formation on Ti-7.5Mo Alloy Surface for Biomedical Application

2017

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In this study, the effects of the parameters such as applied potential difference, time and annealing temperature in the titania nanotubes formation were evaluated. The morphology of the nanotubes was evaluted by using Field Emission Gun -Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), contact angle and X-rays diffraction (XRD). Self-organized nano-structures were formed on the Ti-7.5Mo alloy surface from the same electrolyte (glycerol/NH4F) for all conditions. It was observed that the potential influenced the diameter while the length was changed according to the anodization time lenght. The presence of the phases anatase and rutile was altered by annealing temperature. Results showed that 20V-48h-450 ºC was the better than other conditions for application as biomaterial.

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confidence: 80%

Influence of Anodization Parameters in the TiO2 Nanotubes Formation on Ti-7.5Mo Alloy Surface for Biomedical Application

2017

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“…It is known from literature, that the thickness of anodic TiO2 films is directly proportional to the applied voltage [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The same rule also applies for the nanotube diameter vs. voltage used for the nanotube growth [9,22,23]. Presumably, these nanotube diameter differences observed among Ti grains with different orientation stem from slightly differing oxide growth rates of these grains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

Macák

Jarošová

Jäger

et al. 2016

Applied Surface Science

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The relationship between the microstructure of Ti substrates and the anodic growth of selforganized TiO2 nanotube layers obtained upon their anodization in the ethylene glycol based electrolytes on these substrates is reported for the first time. Polished Ti sheets with mirror-like surface as well as unpolished Ti foils were considered in this work. Grains with a wide range of crystallographic orientations and sizes were revealed by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and correlated with nanotube growth on both types of substrates. A preferred grain orientation with (0001) axis perpendicular to the surface was observed on all substrates. Surfaces of all substrates were anodized for 18 hours in ethylene glycol electrolytes containing 88 mM NH4F and 1.5% water and thoroughly inspected by SEM. By a precise comparison of Ti substrates before and after anodization, the uniformity of produced self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers was evaluated in regard to the specific orientation of individual grains. Grains with (0001) axis perpendicular to the surface turned out to be the most growth-promoting orientation on polished substrates. No orientation was found to be strictly growth-retarding, but sufficient This postprint version is available from http://hdl.handle.net/10195/61977 Publisher's version is available from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433216304482 DOI: 10.1016DOI: 10. /j.apsusc.2016 This document is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0.International. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 anodization time (24 hours) was needed to obtain uniform nanotube layers on all grains without remnant porous initial oxide. In contrast with polished Ti sheets, no specific orientation was found to significantly promote or retard the nanotube growth in the case of unpolished Ti foils.Finally, the difference between the average nanotube diameters of nanotubes grown on various grains was investigated showing non-negligible differences in the diameter for different grain orientations and substrates.

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“…Extensive work has been performed on optimizing anodization conditions and evaluate the influence of parameters such as pH, water content, fluoride content, or anodization voltage on the feasibility to form tubes and the influence on the resulting geometry [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The majority of these efforts used static electrolytes or electrolytes agitated under not well defined conditions such as magnetic stirring [21]. However, recently we showed, using a rotating electrode configuration, that hydrodynamic conditions can significantly affect the TiO 2 nanotube growth rate and the final tube geometry [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of anodic TiO2 nanotube or nanosponge morphology determined by the electrolyte hydrodynamic conditions

Sánchez-Tovar

Lee

Garcı́a-Antón

et al. 2013

Electrochemistry Communications

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ElsevierSánchez Tovar, R.; Lee, K.; García Antón, J.; Schmuki, P. (2013) AbstractThe present work studies the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the growth of anodic TiO 2 nanostructures on Ti in a glycerol/water/NH 4 F electrolyte. Parameter screening for fluoride content, anodization voltage and rotation rate (Reynolds number) of a rotating anode showed that two distinctly different TiO 2 morphologies could be obtained: the classic ordered nanotubes or a nanoscale sponge layer. We present conditions for TiO 2 sponge formation and growth to several m thickness, and show that in specific cases sponge layers can be superior to tube morphologies, as illustrated for photoelectrochemical water-splitting under standard AM 1.5 conditions.

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Mechanistic aspects and growth of large diameter self-organized TiO2 nanotubes

Cited by 479 publications

References 82 publications

Influence of Anodization Parameters in the TiO2 Nanotubes Formation on Ti-7.5Mo Alloy Surface for Biomedical Application

Influence of Anodization Parameters in the TiO2 Nanotubes Formation on Ti-7.5Mo Alloy Surface for Biomedical Application

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

Formation of anodic TiO2 nanotube or nanosponge morphology determined by the electrolyte hydrodynamic conditions

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