Mechanistic evidence of Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae) anxiolytic activity in relation to its metabolite fingerprint as revealed via LC-MS and chemometrics

Abstract

Passiflora edulis Sims F. flavicarpa along with several other plants belonging to the genus Passiflora have been reported as sedatives and for treatment or prevention of central disorders. This study evaluated the anxiolytic effect of P. edulis ethanol extract and its fractions (viz. chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) using the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety and assessment of γ-aminobutyric acid levels. The results revealed that butanol and chloroform extracts exhibit the strongest effect followed by ethyl acetate suggesting that a combination of different classes of metabolites is likely to mediate for P. edulis anxiolytic effect in these fractions. To further pinpoint bioactive agents in fractions, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to high resolution qTOF-MS was used for secondary metabolite profiling. A total of 65 metabolites were characterized including O-flavonoids, C-flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides and fatty acids. Harman type alkaloids found in P. incarnata were not detected in P. edulis ethanol extract or any of its fractions suggesting that they do not mediate for its CNS modulating effects. Multivariate data analysis (PCA) was further applied to identify metabolite markers for fractions and revealed that enrichment of C-glycoside type flavonoids in chloroform/ethyl acetate fractions versus the exclusive presence of cyanogenic glycosides in its butanol fraction.

Passiflora edulis: An Insight Into Current Researches on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

“…(Dhawan et al, 2004). Modern biochemical and pharmacological studies confirmed that the purified components and crude extracts from P. edulis showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo bioactivities (Chau and Huang, 2005;Nayak and Panda, 2012;Kinoshita et al, 2013;Otify et al, 2015;Panchanathan and Rajendran, 2015;Silva et al, 2015;Dzotam et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Ayres et al, 2017;He et al, 2017;Goss et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2018;Mota et al, 2018;Panelli et al, 2018). Table 4 shows the biological activities of main compounds isolated from P. edulis.…”

“…Pre-treatment with 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg hydroethanol extracts and 400 and 800 mg/kg of spraydried powders of P. edulis leaves also showed anxiolytic activity in the elevated plus-maze test in mice. It was suggested that the therapeutic effect of these extracts was due to the presence of a wide range of flavonoids such as isoorientin, orientin, luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin or their glycosides, and so forth (Petry et al, 2001;Coleta et al, 2006;Otify et al, 2015).…”

Potential Uses of the Peel and Seed of Passiflora Edulis Sims F. Edulis (Gulupa) From Its Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antihypertensive Functionalities

“…The applied qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of reductive carbohydrates, terpenes, and phenolic compounds of tannic nature, as well as flavonoids for extracts and fractions of gulupa peels and seeds ( Table 2). The phenolic constituents in extracts obtained from P. edulis f. edulis have already been reported by different authors [51,52], it is stated that these metabolites are responsible for the multiple activities biological attributed to the fruits of passion, among others: Antihypertensive, anxiolytic, and antidiabetic activities [53][54][55].…”

Characterization of Antibacterial Proanthocyanidins of Dalbergia monetaria, an Amazonian Medicinal Plant, by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

“…Flavonoid glucosides, such as scoparin (chrysoeriol-8-C-glucoside) and isoscoparin (chrysoeriol-6-C-glucoside) [24], were identified only in the EAFB, together with a di-C-glucosylated flavonoid with a fragmentation pathway related to genistein-di-8,6-Cglucoside, which has been isolated by Nunes et al [5] in the bark of the species. The presence of isovitexin [25], quercetin-3-Osambubioside isomers, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside) [26], and quercetin-3-O-xylopyranoside [27] was reported exclusively in the EAFL.…”