Potential Uses of the Peel and Seed of Passiflora Edulis Sims F. Edulis (Gulupa) From Its Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antihypertensive Functionalities

Abstract

Objective: Assess the performance of a crude ethanolic extract, a dichloromethane fraction and a hydroalcoholic residue, which are the basis for chemically and biologically characterizing the husk and seed of Passiflora edulis f. edulis, collected in the region and Colombia with a view to determining potential uses.
 Methods: Agroindustrial residues of gulupa (peel and seed) were analyzed through a bromatological study; subsequently, they were macerated with ethanol (96%). The crude ethanolic extract was partitioned with dichloromethane, leaving a hydroalcoholic residue. The content of total phenols, the composition of phytophenols (high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), the total antioxidant capacity using 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridyl hydrazyl (DPPH●), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the ferric reduction power (FRAP) were determined to the extract, the fraction, and the residue. The evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and the cell viability assay with diphenyl bromide 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-) il) -2,5-tetrazolium on human leukocytes complemented the characterization.
 Results: Agroindustrial waste of P. edulis f. edulis, peel and seed, contains as main constituents: Protein (8.49 and 7.29%), fiber (34.2 and 55.7%), phosphorus (1.67 and 3.09), and boron (53.3 and 58.4 mg/kg), respectively. The seed showed 25.5% oil. The crude seed extract exhibited a higher phenolic content (15.34 gEAG/100 g). Likewise, it presented the highest antiradical capacity against ABTS●+ and DPPH● (706.17 and 82.81 trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC], respectively) and antioxidant in ORAC and FRAP (142.79 TEAC and 103.63 equivalent ascorbic acid EAA, respectively). The ACEI activity (50% inhibitory concentration 17.62 mg/L) of the crude seed extract was higher than the other samples. No toxicity was found in the samples evaluated at concentrations higher than those of the biological activities manifested.
 Conclusion: The agroindustrial residues of P. edulis f. edulis (peel and seed) are rich in nutrients, which propose them for use in food matrices. The ethanolic extract from seed showed the highest antioxidant, antiradical, and inhibitory biological activity of the ACEI so that it could be proposed the gulupa seed as a promising phytotherapeutic product associated with its phenolic content, especially its flavonoids. The results obtained allow an added value to the fruit, reducing the chances that its waste contributes to environmental pollution.

Bioactive Compounds from Mangosteen Fruit Peels (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Assessment of their Antioxidant Potential

“…The total polyphenols content of the hydroethanolic extract obtained in this study (57.19 mg EAG/g DM) was higher than that reported by González et al [22] ethanolic extract of Passiflora edulis peels, a fruit that the peel has the same sticky structure like mangosteen fruit. They found a total polyphenols content of 37.70±0.13 mg EQ/g of extract.…”

Chemical and Biological Potential of Passiflora Vitifolia Fruit Byproducts Collected in the Colombian Central Andes

“…In addition, a strong and significant Pearson's linear correlations were found between total phenolics and DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP (R=0.93, 0.77, and 1.00 respectively, p<0.05); by contrast, no positive correlation was found between total phenolic content and ORAC (−1.00). Similar results were reported by Rodrigues et al [37] and González et al [38]. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine significant differences between byproducts, when a significant difference was found, Tukey's test was used to identify the categories that differed from one another.…”

“…According to some researchers, the extracts most effective in inhibiting alpha-amylase, such as strawberry, raspberry, red grape, and green tea, among others, contain appreciable amounts of soluble tannins [63]. Nonetheless, Passiflora species extracts are richer in flavonoids than tannins [7,38].…”

“…Thus, it could be thought that the predominance of phenols in this plant part could be strongly compromised with the inhibition of the diffusion of glucose through the dialysis membrane in the first 2 h of action; this can be relevant for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus [69]. Besides, several works report a wide range of functionalities that have been scientifically proven for the Passiflora genus, many of which have been supported by the composition of certain bioactive compounds [38,[70][71][72]. These studies have in common with the present work that the activities have been correlated with the phenolic constituents.…”

Parámetros de obtención de un aislado proteínico a partir de la semilla de anacahuita y evaluación de sus propiedades antioxidantes y antihipertensivas

“…Comparado con valores de otros productos, la semilla de anacahuita se encuentra dentro del intervalo reportado para la flor de jamaica (Vargas-León et al, 2018), sin embargo, se requiere mayor concentración tanto de semilla como de aislado (100 mg/mL) para alcanzar el IC50, en comparación con las semillas de semilla de mezquite (1 mg/mL), guanábana (0.20 mg/mL) y maracuyá (0.017 mg/mL) (Adefgha et al, 2015;Gallegos-Infante et al, 2013;González et al, 2019).…”