Mechanochemical synthesis mechanism of Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase from elemental powders of Ti, Al and C

Shahin, Nasir; Kazemi, Sh.; Heidarpour, Akbar

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2016.06.008

Cited by 54 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Then, the slurry powders were dried at 60°C in vacuum for 12 hours. After sieving (100 mesh), the mixture powders were placed in an alumina crucible without cold-compaction, 19,20,[31][32][33][34] and microwave sintered at different temperatures in the range 500°C-1500°C at intervals of 100°C and holding for 1 minutes to 60 minutes. The microwave sintering as performed under argon atmosphere using a 2.45 GHz multimode microwave sintering furnace (MWL0316V).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this limitation, | 779 CHEN Et al. In addition, Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), 19 mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MA-SHS), 20 and mechanically activated combustion synthesis (MA-CS). 18 However, it was found that Ti 3 AlC 2 powders tend to decomposition at high temperature and the synthesis reactions were difficult to control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 However, it was found that Ti 3 AlC 2 powders tend to decomposition at high temperature and the synthesis reactions were difficult to control. In addition, Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), 19 mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MA-SHS), 20 and mechanically activated combustion synthesis (MA-CS). 21 However, the purities of the products were poor with a lot of TiC remaining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Chen

Tang

Shi

et al. 2020

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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High-purity titanium aluminum carbide (Ti 3 AlC 2 ) powders were synthesized by a microwave sintering method using different titanium sources as raw materials. The prepared products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the synthesized Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have high purity (97.5%) and even distribution of the grain size when using a 3TiH 2 /1.2Al/2C mixture as raw materials when the microwave sintering temperature and time were 1300°C and 30 minutes, respectively. The formation mechanism of the Ti 3 AlC 2 is described as proceeding via four stages. The solid-phase reaction between titanium and aluminum occurs below the melting point of aluminum and the main product is a Ti 3 Al phase, which is an observed intermediate compound for the formation of Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 . Thus, this study provides a beneficial approach to low-temperature synthesis of high-purity Ti 3 AlC 2 materials. K E Y W O R D Shigh purity, MAX phases, microwave, powders, synthesis How to cite this article: Chen W, Tang J, Shi X, Ye N, Yue Z, Lin X. Synthesis and formation mechanism of high-purity Ti 3 AlC 2 powders by microwave sintering. Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2020;17:778-789. https ://doi.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Chen

Tang

Shi

et al. 2020

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…The synthesis product will depend on reactant type, grain size, used synthesis technique and reactant mixture packing and thermal properties. In the literature data, the MAX phases are mostly obtained by combustion synthesis [11], mechanochemical synthesis [12], microwave-assisted synthesis [13] and polycrystalline materials by hot pressing [14,15], spark plasma sintering [16,17], hot isostatic pressing [15,18] and slip casting assisted by pressure method [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties and laser processing of hot-pressed materials from Ti–Al–C system

Rutkowski

Huebner

Kata

et al. 2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The work concerns the characterization of polycrystalline materials composed in Ti-Al-C system such as Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 . The starting powders were synthesized from metal powder in nitrogen overpressure with the use of SHS method. Such obtained powders were chemically described and hot-pressed at temperatures 1100°C and 1300°C. The densification measurements were taken on obtained sintered bodies. The chemical composition analysis and microstructural observation of hot-pressed materials were made. The obtained MAX phase Young's modulus was examined in the temperature range 25-600°C by resonance method. The thermal properties of the thermogravimetric analysis were made in air flow to determine the oxygen resistance. The MAX phase polycrystals were taken under laser flash analysis, which allowed to measure directly thermal diffusivity and specific heat and to calculate indirectly thermal conductivity up to the temperature of 700°C. Additionally, the polycrystalline material was laser treated in continuous work mode. The hotpressed MAX nanolaminates were laser ablation and laser welding processed, which is new in the literature. The laser beam-treated material places were microstructurally investigated by scanning electron microscopy and chemically by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The result of laser processing was discussed regarding material preparation route and its thermal properties.

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“…Mechanical milling/alloying (MM/MA) is an effective method to prepare nanostructured materials such as pure element nanocrystalline metals, supersaturated solid solutions, intermetallic compounds, dispersion strengthened alloys and amorphous alloys. Mechanochemical synthesis—chemical reactions induced by high energy ball milling (HEBM)—is one of the promising routes for the synthesis of different materials and composites such as M n+1 AX n ternary layered compounds, where n=1, 2 or 3, M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element (mostly groups 13 and 14), and X is C or N. Mechanochemical reactions may be divided into by two categories [1], specifically: (i) those which occur during the mechanical activation process, and (ii) those which occur during subsequent thermal treatment [2]. Indeed, the material grain size influences the mechanochemical reactions of both categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Deformation Behavior of Ti-SiC Composites Made by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

et al. 2019

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Combining high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering is one of the most promising technologies in materials science. The mechanical alloying process enables the production of nanostructured composite powders that can be successfully spark plasma sintered in a very short time, while preserving the nanostructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite. Composites with MAX phases are among the most promising materials. In this study, Ti/SiC composite powder was produced by high energy ball milling and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering. During both processes, Ti3SiC2, TiC and Ti5Si3 phases were formed. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study showed that the phase composition of the spark plasma sintered composites consists mainly of Ti3SiC2 and a mixture of TiC and Ti5Si3 phases which have a different indentation size effect. The influence of the sintering temperature on the Ti-SiC composite structure and properties is defined. The effect of the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase grain growth was found at a sintering temperature of 1400–1450 °C. The indentation size effect at the nanoscale for Ti3SiC2, TiC+Ti5Si3 and SiC-Ti phases is analyzed on the basis of the strain gradient plasticity theory and the equation constants were defined.

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Mechanochemical synthesis mechanism of Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase from elemental powders of Ti, Al and C

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Thermal properties and laser processing of hot-pressed materials from Ti–Al–C system

Structure and Deformation Behavior of Ti-SiC Composites Made by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

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Mechanochemical synthesis mechanism of Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase from elemental powders of Ti, Al and C

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti3AlC2 powders by microwave sintering

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti3AlC2 powders by microwave sintering

Thermal properties and laser processing of hot-pressed materials from Ti–Al–C system

Structure and Deformation Behavior of Ti-SiC Composites Made by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

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Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering