Mechanochemical Synthesis of BaTiO3 Powders and Evaluation of Their Acrylic Dispersions

Kudłacik–Kramarczyk, Sonia; Drabczyk, Anna; Głąb, Magdalena; Dulian, Piotr; Bogucki, Rafał; Miernik, Krzysztof; Sobczak-Kupiec, Agnieszka; Tyliszczak, Bożena

doi:10.3390/ma13153275

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The common feature of these materials is that they have large amounts of silica and aluminum [31, 32]. The geopolymerization process is considered as an environmentally friendly alternative for the production of Portland cement [27, 33]. It has been estimated that its synthesis emits about 5–6 times less carbon dioxide than the production of Portland cement [34].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of fungal biocomposites for construction applications

Brudny,

Łach,

Kozub

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Mycelium materials represent a new class of environmentally friendly materials for structural applications that can grow on low‐cost organic waste while achieving satisfactory thermal or acoustic insulation properties. The aim of this study is to grow a biocomposite of mycelium on flax tows and then use it as a reinforcement with a geopolymer matrix. To achieve this, three species of mycelium were selected, a culture process was carried out, and then samples of the composite were synthesized with a geopolymer matrix. To determine the utility in terms of structural applications, the density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of the samples were tested. Scanning electron microscope images were also taken to observe the microstructure. The results indicate that it is possible to produce a mycelium composite with a geopolymer matrix. A lower density was achieved for all samples than for the geopolymer without reinforcement. The coefficient of thermal conductivity was reduced only for the sample with one of the mycelia. The compressive strength for biocomposites was between 12.1 MPa–14.2 MPa, this value is enough for some engineering applications.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of fungal biocomposites for construction applications

Brudny,

Łach,

Kozub

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…Sprovedena su i mnoga druga istraživanja koja se odnose na ovu tematiku, i to ispitivanje dielektričnih svojstava barijum titanata sinterovanog iz tribofizički aktiviranih prahova i praćenje mehanizama sinterovanja [16][17][18], ispitivanje evaluacije strukture dobijene intenzivnim mlevenjem sistema 2Bi 2 O 3 i 3TiO 2 [19]. Proučavani su materijali dobijeni mehanohemijskim postupkom kao i veličine kristala i njihova piezoelektrična svojstva u funkciji od gustine dobijenog materijala [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Dobijanje SrTiO 3 i Sr 2 TiO 4 u čvrstom stanju iz sistema SrCO 3 -TiO 2 je prikazano u radu [27], sinteza SrTiO 3−x F x sa fotokatalitičkim svojstvima [28], mehanohemijska sinteza i fotokatalitički efekat SrTiO 3 sa azotom kao aditivom [29][30][31].…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Investigation of the impact of mechanical activation on synthesis of the MgO-TiO2 system

Đorđević

Vlahović

Martinović

et al. 2021

Hem Ind

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In this study, a mixture of magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide was mechanically activated in order to investigate the possibility of mechanochemical synthesis of magnesium titanate. Mechanical activation was performed for 1000 min in a high-energy vibro mill (type MH954/3, KHD Humboldt Wedag AG, Germany). The mill is equipped with housing having a horizontally placed shutter. The cylindrical stainless steel working vessel, with inner dimensions of 40 mm in height and 170 mm in diameter, has working elements consisting of two free concentric stainless steel rings with a total weight of 3 kg. The engine power is 0.8 kW. Respecting the optimal amount of powder to be activated of 50-150 g and the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants in the equation presenting the chemical reaction of magnesium titanate synthesis, the starting amounts were 20.2 g (0.5 mol) of MgO and 39.9 g (0.5 mol) TiO2. During the experiments, X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples taken from the reaction system after 60, 180, 330, and 1000 min of mechanical activation was performed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for chemical composition analysis of samples taken at different activation times. Based on the X-ray diffraction analysis results, it can be concluded that the greatest changes in the system took place at the very beginning of the mechanical activation due to the disturbance of the crystal structure of the initial components. X-ray diffraction analysis of the sample after 1000 min of activation showed complete amorphization of the mixture, but diffraction maxima characteristic for magnesium titanate were not identified. Therefore, the mechanical activation experiments were stopped. Evidently, the energy input was not sufficient to overcome the energy barrier to form a new chemical compound - magnesium titanate. The failure to synthesize magnesium titanate is explained by the low negative Gibbs energy value of -25.8 kJ/mol (despite the theoretical possibility that the reaction will happen), as well as by the amount of mechanical energy entered into the system during activation which was insufficient to obtain the reaction product. Although the synthesis of MgTiO3 was not achieved, significant results were obtained which identify models for further investigations of the possibility of mechanochemical reactions of alkaline earth metals and titanium dioxide.

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“…Similar to the solid-state reaction, BTO powder can be obtained using a high-energy ball milling process, in which starting powder mixtures of BaCO 3 and TiO 2 are ball-milled for a period of time to refine the starting powders and undergo heat treatment at high temperature [ 9 ]. When using BaO and TiO 2 as starting materials, a mechanochemical reaction may occur due to the high energy input during ball milling, directly resulting in the formation of BTO powder [ 10 ]. The above-mentioned solid-state methods, however, may suffer contamination from grinding agents and inhomogeneity with a relatively wide grain size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Synthesis of One-Pot Sol-Gelled Barium Titanate Powder and Its Performance as an Endodontic Radiopacifier

Chang,

Chen,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Materials

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO), conventionally used for dielectric and ferroelectric applications, has been assessed for biomedical applications, such as its utilization as a radiopacifier in mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) for endodontic treatment. In the present study, BTO powders were prepared using the sol-gel process, followed by calcination at 400–1100 °C. The X-ray diffraction technique was then used to examine the as-prepared powders to elucidate the effect of calcination on the phase composition and crystalline size of BTO. Calcined BTO powders were then used as radiopacifiers for MTA. MTA-like cements were investigated to determine the optimal calcination temperature based on the radiopacity and diametral tensile strength (DTS). The experimental results showed that the formation of BTO phase was observed after calcination at temperatures of 600 °C and above. The calcined powders were a mixture of BaTiO3 phase with residual BaCO3 and/or Ba2TiO4 phases. The performance of MTA-like cements with BTO addition increased with increasing calcination temperature up to 1000 °C. The radiopacity, however, decreased after 7 days of simulated oral environmental storage, whereas an increase in DTS was observed. Optimal MTA-like cement was obtained by adding 40 wt.% 1000 °C-calcined BTO powder, with its resulting radiopacity and DTS at 4.83 ± 0.61 mmAl and 2.86 ± 0.33 MPa, respectively. After 7 days, the radiopacity decreased slightly to 4.69 ± 0.51 mmAl, accompanied by an increase in DTS to 3.13 ± 0.70 MPa. The optimal cement was biocompatible and verified using MG 63 and L929 cell lines, which exhibited cell viability higher than 95%.

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Mechanochemical Synthesis of BaTiO3 Powders and Evaluation of Their Acrylic Dispersions

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Development of fungal biocomposites for construction applications

Development of fungal biocomposites for construction applications

Investigation of the impact of mechanical activation on synthesis of the MgO-TiO2 system

Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Synthesis of One-Pot Sol-Gelled Barium Titanate Powder and Its Performance as an Endodontic Radiopacifier

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