Mechanochemically driven formation of protective carbon films from ethanol environment

Shirani, Asghar; Li, Y.; Smith, Jesse D.; Curry, John F.; Lu, Ping; Wilson, Mark C. T.; Chandross, Michael; Argibay, Nicolas; Berman, Diana

doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.101112

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Combined with the work performed by Erdemir et al [36], it is clear that the structure of catalytic carbon-based tribolayer could be tailored based on the employment of different active metals, hydrocarbon precursors, and/or sliding conditions [81]. As a result, the later study by Shirani et al [82] reported the promotion of highly graphitic carbon-based tribofilm when the tribotest with Pt-Au alloy was performed in ethanol ambient. Meanwhile, further research by DelRio et al [83] optimized the performance of this tribolayer by altering the Pt and Au contents within the target coatings.…”

Section: Carbon-based Tribofilms Produced By Catalytic Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications

2023

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To comply with the high demand for efficient and sustainable lubrications, carbon-based tribofilms and/or nanomaterials have emerged as a potential solution that can resolve the current major shortcomings of phosphorus- and sulphur-rich tribofilms and protective coatings. Although their employment is still in the early stages of realization and research, these tribofilms receive significant interest due to their capability to continuously and in situ repair/replenish themselves during sliding, which has been an ultimate goal of all moving mechanical systems. Structurally, these tribofilms are complex and predominantly amorphous or disordered with/without graphitic domains (e.g., graphene/graphite, onion-like carbon, etc.). Chemically, the compositions of these tribofilms vary significantly with environments, conditions, and material precursors. Yet, the structural properties of carbon-based tribofilms remain largely ambiguous, which precludes a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation and lubrication performance. This review will summarize the current state-of-art research about the in situ carbon-based tribofilms that have been published since the pioneering works. Particularly, this work will highlight the recent approaches to generate these tribofilms, their associated lubrication performance, current understanding of the formation mechanics, common analytical approaches for these tribofilms, and the compatibility of these tribofilms with other additives. Together, the overall outlooks will be drawn, demonstrating the knowledge gaps and proposing further investigation tactics to tackle these emerging issues.

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Section: Carbon-based Tribofilms Produced By Catalytic Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications

2023

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“…The concept of the tribocatalysis implies the in situ formation and repair of protective carbon films that is facilitated by the presence of catalytically reactive metals, such as Pt, − Ni, Fe, Mg, etc., in the protective coatings. Specific examples of such coatings are MoN-Cu and VN-Cu produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods that were recently shown to provide catalytic formation of carbon-rich films in polyalphaolefin (PAO), 5W30 formulated oil (contains zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and other additives), and also in an alkyne environment. , Metal nitride-based hard coatings are known for their high toughness, wear resistance, and stability in corrosive and reactive environments, − and thus, their use as matrices for tribocatalytic element inclusion can provide the beneficial approach for surface engineering of fuel components to operate with low-viscosity hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoVN-Cu Coatings for In Situ Tribocatalytic Formation of Carbon-Rich Tribofilms in Low-Viscosity Fuels

Jacques

Shirani

Smith

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Inhibiting the tribological failure of mechanical assemblies which rely on fuels for lubrication is an obstacle to maintaining the lifetime of these systems with low-viscosity and low-lubricity fuels. In the present study, a MoVN-Cu nanocomposite coating was tribologically evaluated for durability in high- and low-viscosity fuels as a function of temperature, load, and sliding velocity conditions. The results indicate that the MoVN-Cu coating is effective in decreasing wear and friction relative to an uncoated steel surface. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the MoVN-Cu worn surfaces confirmed the presence of an amorphous carbon-rich tribofilm which provides easy shearing and low friction during sliding. Further, the characterization of the formed tribofilm revealed the presence of nanoscale copper clusters overlapping with the carbon peak intensities supporting the tribocatalytic origin of the surface protection. The tribological assessment of the MoVN-Cu coating reveals that the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing material wear and initial contact pressure. These findings suggest that MoVN-Cu is a promising protective coating for fuel-lubricated assemblies due to its adaptive ability to replenish lubricious tribofilms from hydrocarbon environments.

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“…By establishing covalent bonds between the substrate and carbon film, the electronic states of carbon-based materials are controlled [29]. The relation of different parameters with the formation of carbon films was studied [30]. High negative bias voltages reduce the hydrogen content in depositing carbon film [31].…”

Section: Mohs Hardness Of Carbon Materials Estimated Graphicallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

Ali¹

2022

Preprint

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Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon elements. Depending on the processing conditions of a carbon precursor, carbon changes state behavior. The electron transfer mechanism occurred to convert carbon from one state to another. In conversion, the dash-shaped energy bits involved transferring electrons to nearby unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped energy has partially conserved behavior. A transferring electron is also under partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms equally evolve and equally develop structures of one dimension, two dimensions, and four dimensions, respectively, when in the graphite, nanotube, and fullerene states. Here, the already associated dash-shaped energy bits bind the carbon atoms. A two-dimensional graphite structure or amorphous carbon structure also forms. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite, and graphene state atoms involve different shaped bits of energy. The bit of energy has a shape like a golf stick. By involving four bits of golf-stick-shaped energy, all four electrons of the outer ring of the depositing diamond state atom undertake an additional clamp of all four energy knots of the outer ring of the deposited diamond state atom. A depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from the east-west surface to the south. Growth is from the south to the east-west surface, so the structure of the diamond is a tetra-electron topological structure. The lonsdaleite state atoms bind from the surface east-west to a bit south. However, in glassy carbon, the layers of gaseous, graphite, and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. The order of these layers repeats in the growth process of glassy carbon. The carbon-based materials also study Mohs hardness.

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Mechanochemically driven formation of protective carbon films from ethanol environment

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications

Tribocatalysis Induced Carbon-Based Tribofilms—An Emerging Tribological Approach for Sustainable Lubrications

MoVN-Cu Coatings for In Situ Tribocatalytic Formation of Carbon-Rich Tribofilms in Low-Viscosity Fuels

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

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