Mechanochemistry: a novel approach to graft polypropylene with dual monomers (PP-g-(MAH-co-St))

Abstract

Mechanochemistry as an energy-saving and highly efficient synthetic method emerges great potential in various chemical syntheses. The multi-phase compatibilizer polypropylene (PP) grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH) and styrene (St) (PP-g-(MAH-co-St)) was successfully obtained by mechanochemical method without any solvent within minutes. The PP-g-(MAH-co-St) with G MAH = 0.24-1.40 % were made by mechanochemistry successfully. The impact of monomers concentration, initiator concentrations, particle size of PP, ball-milling time and ball-milling speed on the grafting proportion of MAH onto PP (G MAH ) was also investigated. The optimum conditions for PP-g-(MAH-co-St) (G MAH = 1.40 %) by ball milling were particle size of PP, 0.150-0.250 (mm); MAH/PP ratio, 6 % (m/m); St/PP ratio, 6 % (m/m); DCP/PP ratio, 0.3 % (m/m) at 400 r/min in 30 min. Infrared (IR) spectra and 1 H NMR spectra confirmed the incorporation of MAH and St onto the PP backbone, which also indicated ball milling was an efficient and effective way for the graft of PP-g-(MAH-co-St).Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Grafting dual polar monomers onto hydroperoxidized polypropylene with the assistant of supercritical carbon dioxide

“…(swell condition: 37°C, 3 h and 8.5 MPa; grafting reaction condition: 80°C and 8 h; w monomer :w PP = 30 wt%; other conditions were the same as those in Fig. 2) capture radicals on the HPP backbone as rapidly as possible [24]. Therefore, PETA could be significantly improved in the presence of St.…”

Outstanding Strengthening and Toughening Behavior of 3D‐Printed Fiber‐Reinforced Composites Designed by Biomimetic Interfacial Heterogeneity

“…The spectrum showed a weak peak intensity due to aromatic protons in the range of 6.9–7.4 ppm and characteristic peaks due to the succinyl functional groups of MAH in the range of 2–3 ppm, respectively. [ 50 , 51 ] DSC thermal study also showed that the thermal parameters such as crystallization and melting temperature of PLA decrease after MAH and St/MAH grafting, indicating that the crystallization of PLA was limited to steric hindrance of the grafted pendant [ 52 , 53 ] (Figure S3 , Supporting Information). Figure S4 , Supporting Information, shows that the compositional ratio of ST to MAH strongly influenced the grafting efficiency and the melt flow index (MFI) of PLA upon the MAH grafting process.…”

Graft Copolymerization of Styrene‐Maleic Anhydride Onto Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Its Cross‐linking by Toluene Diisocyanate: Characterization, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties

“…It can be observed that the maximum values of GP and AV are appeared around St/MA: 70/30. Because of the low polymerization capability, MA units tend to graft either directly onto a PVC chain or onto the St radicals that have already been grafted on PVC chain . As the potential of St monomers to polymerize is higher than that of MA, therefore those can be grafted directly onto the other St radicals, as well as on PVC chains or grafted MA .…”

“…The observed trend is usual for graft copolymerization reactions via chain transfer. The higher concentration of the initial radicals leads to the higher chain transfer to the polymer backbone . However, the copolymerization between MA and St is increased by excessive concentration of the initiator, which tends to terminate the grafting reaction, and as a result, GP and AV values will be dropped.…”

“…Thus, it has been used as a general functional grafted monomer to modify polyolefines . The melt grafting reactions of MA with polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene have been studied . As the self‐polymerization reaction potential of MA is very low and the MA graft segments only exist as a monomer or a short branch on the polymer chains, consequently the grafting percentage (GP) is low.…”