Median Urinary Iodine Concentration and Associated Factors Among Children Age 6 to 59 Months in Central Highland of Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Mid Urine Iodine Concentration (MUIC) is one of the biomarkers that are typically used to measure the concentration of iodide found in plasma thyroxin in human being and used to predict the risk of Iodine nutrient deficiency at population level. This study aimed to assess MUIC and associated factors among children age 6 to 59 months in the Central highland area of Ethiopia after an over a decade of intervention of with iodized salt by Ethiopian Government.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was applied with multistage sampling method to select individual household (HH) and correspondent mothers/ caregivers with their pair children age 6 to 59 months according to the proportion of population found in each Keble (small administrative unit). Collected samples of mid urine specimens taken from selected children were transferred to and stored in laboratory with great percussion. MUIC were analyzed with ammonium persulfate methods in Ethiopian Public Health Institute laboratory. Data were entered into EpiData3.0 and transferred to SPSS for window as version 21 for cleaning and analyses, t multivariable logistic regressions model was fitted to isolate independent proctitis of inadequate MUIC. Results:The median MUIC was 107+ 5 μg/L and mean iodide found in mid urine was 108 + 9 μg/L (n = 812). The status of adequate iodine nutrient (MUIC >100) among children was 88.2 % (n=716) and those 11.8 % (n=96) of children who had MUIC 50 to 99 μg/L were mild deficient in iodine nutrition. Being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.3, 95% CI95%CI:4.44, 15.43) and stunted growth (AOR=2.35, 95%CI:1.44,3.84) were considered as independent predictors the likelihood of for insufficient iodine nutrient among children of female and stunted group compared to male children and children who had normal growth. However, early initiation of complementary food (AOR=0.18, 95%CIL0.05, 0.65) and conclusive communication on iodized salt intake (AOR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.39, 1.11) had positive effect on adequacy of iodine nutrient among children. In linear logistic regression analysis, being increasing height (B coefficient [B] = 0.43, CI=0.04, 0.92) and early time to incite complementary food (B=0.13, CI=0.19, 0.27) were potentially increase adequacy of iodine nutrient in children by 0.43 μg and 0.04 μg respectively. Conclusion:A high proportion (88.2%) of children had adequate iodine nutrient showing that the intervention program has an effect in improving iodine status of children. This finding should be substantiated by future studies that measure more sensitive biomarkers such as T3 and T4.

Effect of Behaviour Change Communication on Iodised Salt Utilization and Median Urine Iodine Concentration among Children Growth Age 6 -59 Months in Central Highland of Ethiopia: Cluster Randomized Control Trial

“…In this study, end line survey showed that there was low proportion (6.1%) of iodine iodine per person per day [6]. Consequently, in the baseline survey MUIC laboratory analysis reported that most children included in the survey had adequate iodine nutrient [7]. These the above inter-related findings are evidences that high content of iodine found in iodised salt is significantly associated with MUIC in children.…”

“…This study had specifically taken a close monitoring on 453 (100%) At baseline survey, the prevalence of iodine deficiency (MUIC<100 μg/L) among children who participated in this study was higher (12.4%) among intervention than control group (11.2%). The prevalence among children who participated in this study at baseline was (11.8 % [7] and thus, the baseline finding was higher compared to endpoint survey (6.15%), which was almost by half percent of ID decreased among study subjects. The prevalence of iodine deficiency among control group at endpoint survey did not change (11.20 %) from the baseline finding.…”

“…This study demonstrated improvement in the proportion of children who met the requirement in their requirement of iodine [6]. The proportion of children age 6-59 months who had adequate iodine nutrient (MUIC > 100 μg/L) improved from 88.2% at baseline assessment [7] to 94% at the endline survey. In this study, end line survey showed that there was low proportion (6.1%) of iodine iodine per person per day [6].…”

“…A total of 812 children urine samples were collected and analyzed for MUIC at baseline [7]. The intervention included 452 and 363 children and their pair mothers/caregivers from clustered inter-vention and control groups, respectively.…”

“…This study started by quantifying iodine found in table salt at household level and assessed women's knowledge and attitude concerning prevention of IDD at the same time [6]. Currently, there is a tremendous change in implementation of universal iodised salt intervention in Ethiopia [6,7]. Given the fact that the government is making all efforts to avail iodized salt to the population, we hypothesised that the iodine deficiency disorder is related to the improper use of iodized salt at the household level.…”