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Objective: Monitoring systems in broad part of each country is notable effort to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Although Ethiopian government developed micronutrient deficiency prevention and control guideline in 2005 and deployed health extension workers to give behaviour change communication for use of iodized salt. There is no published data of knowledge and attitude of mothers on iodized salt and the iodine content of table salt in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of women towards IDD prevention through quantifying of iodine in table salt at central highland of Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 1012 women in the reproductive age group selected from central highland of Ethiopia. A multistage sampling method was implemented to select study area and households (HH). Study participants were interviewed using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Table salt samples were collected from each woman and from headquarter markets. Table salt samples transported to Ethiopian Public Health institute (EPHI) for determination of their iodine content using titration method each sample iodine content measured in milligram of iodine per kg of salt equivalent to -parts per million(ppm) Results: From 1012 women interviewed, 683(67.0%) of women participated in the study lacked knowing IDD and 505 (49.9%) know the use of iodised salt for the prevention of IDD. Poor knowledge was strongly associated with low level of education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR =4.61, 95% CI: 3.03, 7.023]. Analyses of table salt samples taken from HHs had 73 (60.83%) of samples in allowable standard limit (15 to 40ppm), over standard limit (>40ppm) 46 (38.33%) and blow standard limit (<15ppm) 1(0.83%). A total of 119 (99.17%) HHs had met their requirement of iodine per person per day. The average mean and standard deviation (SD) were 45.29+14.47mg/kg ( ppm). Conclusion:Knowledge among women towards prevention of IDD was very poor. More than 90% iodised salt had provided adequate (150µg) of iodine per person per day. Therefore, this study strongly encourages behaviour change communication (BCC) to the community. Mid urine iodine concentration techniques among children is recommended for to actualized the pregress of iodized salt intervention.

Introduction: Mid Urine Iodine Concentration (MUIC) is one of the biomarkers that are typically used to measure the concentration of iodide found in plasma thyroxin in human being and used to predict the risk of Iodine nutrient deficiency at population level. This study aimed to assess MUIC and associated factors among children age 6 to 59 months in the Central highland area of Ethiopia after an over a decade of intervention of with iodized salt by Ethiopian Government.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was applied with multistage sampling method to select individual household (HH) and correspondent mothers/ caregivers with their pair children age 6 to 59 months according to the proportion of population found in each Keble (small administrative unit). Collected samples of mid urine specimens taken from selected children were transferred to and stored in laboratory with great percussion. MUIC were analyzed with ammonium persulfate methods in Ethiopian Public Health Institute laboratory. Data were entered into EpiData3.0 and transferred to SPSS for window as version 21 for cleaning and analyses, t multivariable logistic regressions model was fitted to isolate independent proctitis of inadequate MUIC. Results:The median MUIC was 107+ 5 μg/L and mean iodide found in mid urine was 108 + 9 μg/L (n = 812). The status of adequate iodine nutrient (MUIC >100) among children was 88.2 % (n=716) and those 11.8 % (n=96) of children who had MUIC 50 to 99 μg/L were mild deficient in iodine nutrition. Being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.3, 95% CI95%CI:4.44, 15.43) and stunted growth (AOR=2.35, 95%CI:1.44,3.84) were considered as independent predictors the likelihood of for insufficient iodine nutrient among children of female and stunted group compared to male children and children who had normal growth. However, early initiation of complementary food (AOR=0.18, 95%CIL0.05, 0.65) and conclusive communication on iodized salt intake (AOR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.39, 1.11) had positive effect on adequacy of iodine nutrient among children. In linear logistic regression analysis, being increasing height (B coefficient [B] = 0.43, CI=0.04, 0.92) and early time to incite complementary food (B=0.13, CI=0.19, 0.27) were potentially increase adequacy of iodine nutrient in children by 0.43 μg and 0.04 μg respectively. Conclusion:A high proportion (88.2%) of children had adequate iodine nutrient showing that the intervention program has an effect in improving iodine status of children. This finding should be substantiated by future studies that measure more sensitive biomarkers such as T3 and T4.

Methods: A retrospective health facility-based study was conducted. Data were collected from health facilities implementing the directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) strategy in the region. A structured World Health Organization (WHO) reporting format was used as the data collection tool. Preantiretroviral therapy (ART)/voluntary counselling and testing for HIV (VCT) and TB unit registers were considered as the data sources. Data were collected quarterly and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The odds ratio was used to assess statistical differences among variables. Results: A total of 115 268 TB patients were counselled and tested for HIV during the study period. Among the patients tested, 60 086 (52.1%) were male, of whom 13 680 (11.8%) were found to have an HIV infection. Among TB patients who were co-infected with HIV, there were slightly higher odds of HIV infection in females than in males (odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.17). Between 2009 and 2013, about 56% of TB and HIV co-morbid patients were put on co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) and 35% on ART. HIV infection occurred predominantly within the age group of 25-34 years (31%). On the other hand, 197 152 HIV-infected patients were screened for TB symptoms and 8.4% were found to have active TB. The odds of having TB among males who were initially infected with HIV were higher as compared to females (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.27-1.37). Conclusions: The prevalence of TB and HIV co-morbidity was 11.8% at TB clinics in the region. Low proportions of co-infected patients were put on CPT and ART. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the WHO recommended TB and HIV collaborative activities in the region to reduce the burden of comorbidity and mortality.

Poor diversity dietary intake has great significance to women, pregnancy outcome and on her fetus or the growing and development of their baby collectively. Uncertainty of studies to examine whether pregnant women have been utilizing diversity dietary in their frequent intake and this has changed nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to assess diversified dietary intake and associated factors among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care follow-up in public health facilities of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 pregnant mothers randomly selected from the antenatal care unit at public health facilities from November 1-30/2020. Study subjects were selected with a systematic random sampling method from randomly selected antenatal care unity of health facilities in Dire Dawa Administration. A structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect data. Data were entered with kobo software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science statistical software version 20 for analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regression models were used to declare the significance of independent variables at P<0.05. This study shows 55% (95% CI = (50–59.5) were inadequate diversified dietary intake. Having lower monthly income (Adjusted Odds Raito [AOR] = 4.4, Confident interval [95%CI] = 1.3–14.6), elementary educational status of mothers (AOR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.5–9.9), consumption of two meals per day (AOR = 16.6, 95% CI = 2.04–135.8), didn’t get antenatal care counseling (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1–2.8) were significantly associated with diversified dietary. The result revealed that around 55% of respondents had inadequate dietary diversity. low household income, had less maternal education level and, consuming two meals per day, and no information about dietary diversity has contributed to inadequate dietary diversity. Accordingly, go forward in the right side of those variables were the core recommendation of this study.