Mediators of hypersensitivity in the sputum of young, symptomatic cigarette smokers

Leitch, A. G.; Lumb, Elizabeth; Kay, A. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1981.tb01592.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our results and the results from numerous other groups indicate that smoking is associated with reduced serum IgG levels (1,7,9,13,21,27). These results, however, conflict with the results of O'Keeffe et al (29) and Merrill et al (28).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Influence of smoking and race on immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations in early-onset periodontitis patients

et al. 1996

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Recent data indicate that smoking is an important risk factor for the development of periodontitis. Smoking is also known to reduce serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Interestingly, patients with the localized form of early-onset periodontitis (LJP) have elevated levels of serum IgG2, and those who smoke are not clinically different from nonsmoking LJP subjects. In contrast, patients with the generalized form of early-onset periodontitis (G-EOP) who smoke have more extensive destruction than their nonsmoking counterparts. Given the effects of smoking on EOP and the association of IgG2 with less severe disease, we hypothesized that smoking might reduce serum IgG2 and that this might be most apparent in G-EOP. We therefore examined the effects of smoking on serum IgG subclass concentrations in race-matched groups: LJP, G-EOP, and agematched periodontally healthy controls (NPs). Smoking status was established from serum cotinine levels, and serum IgG subclass concentrations were determined by using radial immunodiffusion. The data indicated that the effects of smoking were remarkably selective with respect to both IgG subclass and race. Smoking did not appear to have any effect on the concentration of IgG1 or IgG3 in either black or white subjects. In contrast, smoking was associated with depressed serum IgG2 concentrations in both white NP and G-EOP subgroups. Serum IgG2 levels in black subjects did not appear to be depressed by smoking, with the single striking exception of the black G-EOP subgroup which also had depressed serum IgG4 levels. The results here confirm that smoking has effects on serum immunoglobulin levels, but the effects were both race and serum IgG subclass specific. Furthermore, the periodontal diagnosis of EOP subjects appeared to be important, as indicated by the fact that IgG2 and IgG4 levels were reduced in smoking black G-EOP subjects whereas the IgG2 and IgG4 levels in black LJP and NP subjects were not reduced by smoking.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Influence of smoking and race on immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations in early-onset periodontitis patients

et al. 1996

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“…The IgE level showed a non-significant trend to be lower in both skin test positive and skin test negative ex-smokers of longer standing. But among men with negative skinprick test responses the IgE level in the 39 ex-smokers of five or more years' duration (log,0 mean (SEM) 1.53 (0.14)) remained slightly higher than in smokers (1-41 (0.07); p > 0-4) and significantly higher than in non-smokers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Smoking, allergy, and the differential white blood cell count The geometric mean (95% confidence limits) 100 total white blood cell count was higher in smokers differ significantly between smokers (mean 1.95%) and non-smokers (1.67%, p > 0. 3), and neither did that of neutrophils, lymphocytes, or monocytes, though the basophil percentage was higher in smokers (mean 0 30%) than in non-smokers (0.19%, p = 0.03).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Smoking, allergy, and the differential white blood cell count.

Taylor¹,

Gross²,

Joyce³

et al. 1985

Thorax

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Dutch workers have proposed that people with asthma and those smokers who develop chronic airflow obstruction share a common allergic constitution. To study whether smoking itself is associated with indicators of allergy, we have examined 237 men aged [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] years (120 smokers, 73 ex-smokers, and 44 non-smokers) who were recruited to a long term study of lung function in 1974, at which time men with a clinical diagnosis of asthma were excluded. Smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers did not differ in personal or family history of allergic disease, but the prevalence of positive responses to skinprick tests was greater in exsmokers (59%) than in the other two groups (33% and 34%). In men with negative responses to skinprick tests total serum IgE was greater in smokers (log,0 mean 1-41 IU/ml) and in ex-smokers (log10 mean 1-53 IU/ml) than in non-smokers (log10 mean 1 12 IU/ml). In men with positive skin test responses serum IgE was similar in the three groups (log10 mean ranging from 1-68 to 1-78 IU/ml). Geometric mean total white cell counts in the peripheral blood were higher in smokers (7.34 x 109/l) than in non-smokers (5.82 x 109/l); the value in ex-smokers (6-16 x 109/l) was intermediate. Absolute blood eosinophil counts were increased in smokers disproportionately to the increase in total white cell count. Thus smoking is associated with small increases in some markers of allergy. These changes are probably acquired after the onset of smoking but sequential studies are required to amplify these cross sectional observations. Smokers whose skin test responses are positive appear more likely to give up smoking.In 1960 Dutch workers' proposed that individuals with asthma and smokers with chronic and mainly irreversible airflow obstruction shared a common allergic constitution and increased non-specific bronchial reactivity. It was not clear whether the increased reactivity followed or preceded the development of airway narrowing.2 In an earlier study from this department Fletcher and coworkers3 found little evidence that allergy contributed to the development of chronic airflow obstruction in smokers; more recently we re-examined some of the younger men in this original study, and in contrast found that the rate of decline of lung function was more rapid in smokers who had some evidence of an allergic constitution than in those who did not.4 Furthermore, a series of reports from Tucson5-7 has investigated the interrelations between atopy, Address for reprint requests: Dr NB Pride, Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS. Accepted 8 October 1984eosinophilia, and airflow obstruction and found that blood eosinophilia was associated with impairment of ventilatory function regardless of smoking habit. Smokers have also been shown to have a higher total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level than nonsmokers-'4 and a raised white cell count in the peripheral blood. '5-23 These findings have renewed interest in the Dutc...

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“…We know that nearly 50% of our G-EOP patients smoke and this may explain why antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans is more common in LJP than in G-EOP. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Interestingly, the level of anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans in non-smoking G-EOP and LJP patients was the same ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mechanisms by which smoking promotes attachment and alveolar bone loss are not clear, cigarette smoke is known to cause systemic effects on host immune and inflammatory responses. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Recent data from our laboratory demonstrate a reduction in serum IgG2 levels in smoking white subjects (including non-periodontitis [NP], adult Periodontitis [AP], and G-EOP).23 In contrast, the serum IgG2 levels in black subjects were unaffected by smoking with the single exception of black G-EOP Population used for analysis of anti-Aa. The groups for anti-Hib and PC were essentially the same with a few additions and deletions.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Smoking on Serum IgG2 Reactive With Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Early‐Onset Periodontitis Patients

Tangada¹,

Califano²,

Nakashima³

et al. 1997

Journal of Periodontology

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High titers of serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are present in early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) patients and it appears that anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans may be protective. Smoking is associated with increased periodontal disease severity in generalized early‐onset periodontitis (G‐EOP) patients, but is not associated with periodontal disease severity in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Furthermore, smoking is associated with reduced serum IgG2 levels in black patients with G‐EOP but not in those with LJP. Based on this selective effect of smoking, we hypothesized that smoking would be associated with a reduction of specific IgG2 reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in black G‐EOP patients but not black LJP patients. In addition, we examined IgG2 responses to carbohydrate antigens from non‐periodontal pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae b Oligosaccharide antigen (Hib) and the Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen phosphocholine (PC). Smoking status was assessed from serum cotinine levels, and IgG2 specific for A. actinomycetemcomitans, Hib, and PC was assessed by ELISA. Our study revealed that smoking was correlated with a dramatic reduction in serum IgG2 anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans in G‐EOP smokers but not in LJP smokers. In contrast, anti‐Hib IgG2 and anti‐PC IgG2 were not affected in either G‐EOP or LJP patients. In short, these results indicate that smoking is associated with a reduction in serum IgG2 antiA. actinomycetemcomitans in black G‐EOP subjects, but IgG2 reactive with other antigens may not be reduced in G‐EOP smokers. J Periodontol 1997;68:842–850.

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Mediators of hypersensitivity in the sputum of young, symptomatic cigarette smokers

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of smoking and race on immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations in early-onset periodontitis patients

Influence of smoking and race on immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations in early-onset periodontitis patients

Smoking, allergy, and the differential white blood cell count.

The Effect of Smoking on Serum IgG2 Reactive With Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Early‐Onset Periodontitis Patients

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