Medical Dilemmas Associated With Rehabilitating Confiscated Houbara Bustards (Chlamydotis Undulata Macqueenii) After Avian Pox and Paramyxovirus Type 1 Infection

Bailey, Thomas A.; Silvanose, Christudas; Manvell, R. J.; Gough, R. E.; Kinne, Jöerg; Combreau, Olivier; F, Launay

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.3.518

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Simultaneous infection may involve two or more viruses, for example: fowlpox virus (FWPV) and adeno-like virus, herpesvirus or reticuloendotheliosis virus (Diallo et al, 1998;Singh et al, 2000;Diallo et al, 2010). Mixed infection may also involve viruses and bacteria, for example Staphylococcus hyicus and poxvirus (Devriese et al, 1992), C. trachomatis and herpesvirus (Deka et al, 2006), chlamydia and poxvirus (Jacobson and Telford, 1990) or other combinations, for example E. coli and pulmonary aspergillosis (Kim et al, 2003), C. psittaci, fowlpox virus, Haemophilus gallinarum and Ascaridia galli (Malkinson et al, 1987), an Avipoxvirus member, C. psittaci or fungi (Bailey et al, 2002). There is evidence that coinfection can be beneficial to one or both pathogens (Hament et al, 1999) or, conversely, can inhibit the growth of one or both of them (Heike et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed infection by fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock

Karpińska¹,

Kozaczynski²,

Niemczuk

et al. 2014

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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An outbreak of fowlpox occurred in a commercial laying hen flock in one of the western provinces of Poland. Clinical signs suggested fowlpox and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological detection of Bollinger bodies within the epithelial cells. Detailed ultrastructural examination revealed an additional concurrent infection with chlamydia-like particles. The particles were identified by PCR as fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci. It is worth noting that both pathogens can generate morphologic forms capable of prolonged survival and inducing latent and persistent infection. We suggest a possible interaction between the two pathogens on ultrastructural level and assess the clinical consequences of the mixed infection. This study also demonstrates a potential of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) for identifying a superinfection with another pathogen (in this case C. psittaci), which may remain undetected by routine techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed infection by fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock

Karpińska¹,

Kozaczynski²,

Niemczuk

et al. 2014

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Poxvirus infection has been responsible for the population decline of native bird species on Hawaii (12), Galápagos (2,13), and the Canary Islands (14). Avian pox has also been identified as a risk factor in the reintroduction programs of houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) in the Middle East, Floreana mockingbirds (Mimus trifasciatus) in Galapagos (15,16), and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Germany (17). The recent emergence of an epizootic of conspicuous and distinctive avian pox among great tits (Parus major) in the United Kingdom (18), and its penetrance of a historically wellstudied population near Oxford, allowed detailed study of the epidemiology (19) and population-level impacts (20) of the disease in wild birds.…”

Section: Fowlpox Virus Canarypox Virus Juncopox Virus Mynahpox Virmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses

Gyuranecz

Foster

Dán

et al. 2013

J Virol

127

148

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Poxvirus infections have been found in 230 species of wild and domestic birds worldwide in both terrestrial and marine environments. This ubiquity raises the question of how infection has been transmitted and globally dispersed. We present a comprehensive global phylogeny of 111 novel poxvirus isolates in addition to all available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus has traditionally relied on one gene region (4b core protein). In this study we expanded the analyses to include a second locus (DNA polymerase gene), allowing for a more robust phylogenetic framework, finer genetic resolution within specific groups, and the detection of potential recombination. Our phylogenetic results reveal several major features of avipoxvirus evolution and ecology and propose an updated avipoxvirus taxonomy, including three novel subclades. The characterization of poxviruses from 57 species of birds in this study extends the current knowledge of their host range and provides the first evidence of the phylogenetic effect of genetic recombination of avipoxviruses. The repeated occurrence of avian family or order-specific grouping within certain clades (e.g., starling poxvirus, falcon poxvirus, raptor poxvirus, etc.) indicates a marked role of host adaptation, while the sharing of poxvirus species within prey-predator systems emphasizes the capacity for crossspecies infection and limited host adaptation. Our study provides a broad and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus, an ecologically and environmentally important viral group, to formulate a genome sequencing strategy that will clarify avipoxvirus taxonomy.

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“…The impact of the disease can be dramatic for endangered species, especially for island species when APV are introduced in naïve populations as described in Hawaii [15], the Galapagos Islands [16] or Canary islands [17]. The disease is also a concern for the success of conservation programs of endangered species, such as peregrine falcons in Germany [18] or Houbara bustard species (hereafter "Houbara") in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Morocco [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of avipoxviruses in captive-bred Houbara bustard

Loc¿h

Ducatez

Camus-Bouclainville

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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Implementation of conservation breeding programs is a key step to ensuring the sustainability of many endangered species. Infectious diseases can be serious threats for the success of such initiatives especially since knowledge on pathogens affecting those species is usually scarce. Houbara bustard species (Chlamydotis undulata and Chlamydotis macqueenii), whose populations have declined over the last decades, have been captive-bred for conservation purposes for more than 15 years. Avipoxviruses are of the highest concern for these species in captivity. Pox lesions were collected from breeding projects in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia for 6 years in order to study the diversity of avipoxviruses responsible for clinical infections in Houbara bustard. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 113 and 75 DNA sequences for P4b and fpv140 loci respectively, revealed an unexpected wide diversity of viruses affecting Houbara bustard even at a project scale: 17 genotypes equally distributed between fowlpox virus-like and canarypox virus-like have been identified in the present study. This suggests multiple and repeated introductions of virus and questions host specificity and control strategy of avipoxviruses. We also show that the observed high virus burden and co-evolution of diverse avipoxvirus strains at endemic levels may be responsible for the emergence of novel recombinant strains.

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Medical Dilemmas Associated With Rehabilitating Confiscated Houbara Bustards (Chlamydotis Undulata Macqueenii) After Avian Pox and Paramyxovirus Type 1 Infection

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Mixed infection by fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock

Mixed infection by fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock

Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses

Diversity of avipoxviruses in captive-bred Houbara bustard

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