Medical micro- and nanomotors in the body

Li, Huaan; Peng, Fei; Yan, Xiaohui; Mao, Chun; Ma, Xing; Wilson, Daniela A.; He, Qiang; Tu, Yingfeng

doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.010

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22] In the past few years, accompanied by the vigorous advances of micro/nanomotors, a multitude of reviews with regard to motors from different emphasis points have sprung up. It is worth noting that these reviews often focus on the fabrication techniques, propulsion mechanisms, motion behaviors and applications of micro/nanomotors, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] which reflects that researchers tend to pay great attention to perfect structures, striking motility capacities and conspicuous application outcomes of motors. On the other hand, it also implies from the side that it is easy to disregard the byproducts produced or generated during the motion process of micro/nanomotors, and what's worse, treat them as waste.…”

Section: Haiying Liangmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors

Liang

Peng

2023

Nanoscale

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Section: Haiying Liangmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors

Liang

Peng

2023

Nanoscale

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“…Imaging techniques with the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, noninvasiveness and good depth penetration are expected to be used for the precise control and tracking of microrobots for their localization and control of the treatment. With the development of imaging techniques, various imaging modalities have been applied for imaging-guided navigation of microrobots in the gastrointestinal tract, including fluorescence imaging (FI), MRI, ultrasound (US) imaging, endoscopic techniques, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and fluoroscopic imaging. − Figure depicts a schematic showing various imaging modalities and their mechanisms for in vivo imaging. Here, current advances in imaging techniques that have been used to monitor and track biomedical microrobots in the gastrointestinal tract are briefly reviewed (Table ).…”

Section: Imaging Of Miniature Robots In the Gi Trackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microrobots for Targeted Delivery and Therapy in Digestive System

et al. 2022

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Untethered miniature robots enable targeted delivery and therapy deep inside the gastrointestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner. By combining actuation systems and imaging tools, significant progress has been made toward the development of functional microrobots. These robots can be actuated by external fields and fuels while featuring real-time tracking feedback toward certain regions and can perform the therapeutic process by rational exertion of the local environment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., pH, enzyme). Compared with conventional surgical tools, such as endoscopic devices and catheters, miniature robots feature minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment, multifunctionality, high safety and adaptivity, embodied intelligence, and easy access to tortuous and narrow lumens. In addition, the active motion of microrobots enhances local penetration and retention of drugs in tissues compared to common passive oral drug delivery. Based on the dissimilar microenvironments in the various sections of the gastrointestinal tract, this review introduces the advances of miniature robots for minimally invasive targeted delivery and therapy of diseases along the gastrointestinal tract. The imaging modalities for the tracking and their application scenarios are also discussed. We finally evaluate the challenges and barriers that retard their applications and hint on future research directions in this field.

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“…Micromotors that convert local or external energy into autonomous motion have drawn much attention over the past two decades. − From a fundamental perspective, micromotors are useful for the study of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics and active matter because of their similarity with biological microswimmers. − From an applied perspective, micromotors are prototypical miniaturized machines capable of performing tasks such as drug delivery, , cargo transportation, , environmental remediation, and microfabrication . However, micromotors typically move in random trajectories because of thermal fluctuations, while applications in complex environments require them to move along predefined and precise paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steering Micromotors via Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Paths

Chen

El‐Sayed

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Steering micromotors is important for using them in practical applications and as model systems for active matter. This functionality often requires magnetic materials in the micromotor, taxis behavior of the micromotor, or the use of specifically designed physical boundaries. Here, we develop an optoelectronic strategy that steers micromotors with programmable light patterns. In this strategy, light illumination turns hydrogenated amorphous silicon conductive, generating local electric field maxima at the edge of the light pattern that attracts micromotors via positive dielectrophoresis. As an example, metallo-dielectric Janus microspheres that self-propelled under alternating current electric fields were steered by static light patterns along customized paths and through complex microstructures. Their long-term directionality was also rectified by ratchet-shaped light patterns. Furthermore, dynamic light patterns that varied in space and time enabled more advanced motion controls such as multiple motion modes, parallel control of multiple micromotors, and the collection and transport of motor swarms. This optoelectronic steering strategy is highly versatile and compatible with a variety of micromotors, and thus it possesses the potential for their programmable control in complex environments.

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Medical micro- and nanomotors in the body

Cited by 48 publications

References 223 publications

Active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors

Active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors

Microrobots for Targeted Delivery and Therapy in Digestive System

Steering Micromotors via Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Paths

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