Medical Use of Marijuana

“…The role of CB1 agonists in treating different neuropathic pain syndrome has been debated (Naguib & Foss, 2015) and the evidence provided by animal studies are not conclusive (Scott et al, 2004;Agarwal et al, 2007;Khasabova et al, 2012). Synthetic D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (D 9 -THC) analogs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 attenuates mechanical allodynia and neuroinflammatory responses in a chronic post‐ischemic pain model of complex regional pain syndrome type I in rats

Tang

Bie

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-I) remains one of the most clinically challenging neuropathic pain syndromes and its mechanism has not been fully characterized. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has emerged as a promising target for treating different neuropathic pain syndromes. In neuropathic pain models, activated microglia expressing CB2 receptors are seen in the spinal cord. Chemokine fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) plays a substantial role in microglial activation and neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that a CB2 agonist could modulate neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain in an ischemia model of CRPS by regulating CB2 and CX3CR1 signaling. We used chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) as a model of CRPS-I. Rats in the CPIP group exhibited significant hyperemia and edema of the ischemic hindpaw and spontaneous pain behaviors (hindpaw shaking and licking). Intraperitoneal administration of MDA7 (a selective CB2 agonist) attenuated mechanical allodynia induced by CPIP. MDA7 treatment was found to interfere with early events in the CRPS-I neuroinflammatory response by suppressing peripheral edema, spinal microglial activation and expression of CX3CR1 and CB2 receptors on the microglia in the spinal cord. MDA7 also mitigated the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers induced by CPIP. Neuroprotective effects of MDA7 were blocked by a CB2 antagonist, AM630. Our findings suggest that MDA7, a novel CB2 agonist, may offer an innovative therapeutic approach for treating neuropathic symptoms and neuroinflammatory responses induced by CRPS-I in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion injury.

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“…arijuana is derived from female plants of the genus Cannabis, of which three species contain cannabinoid compounds for which the plant is known (indica, sativa, ruderalis). 1 Common names for the psychoactive products created from the Cannabis genus go by a variety of names, including marijuana, hashish, ganja, bud, hemp, weed, or, simply, cannabis. Marijuana use, for both medicinal and recreational purposes, dates back thousands of years.…”

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confidence: 99%

A review of the anesthetic implications of marijuana use

Alexander

Joshi

2019

Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings

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Marijuana, derived from plants of the genus Cannabis, is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Marijuana is illegal at the federal level and remains a Drug Enforcement Agency Schedule 1 substance. Nevertheless, most states have passed less stringent legislation related to its use, ranging from decriminalization of possession to allowing medical or even recreational use, and some county and municipal law enforcement agencies have refrained from prosecuting personal possession and/or use even when statute would require such action. Therefore, as use of marijuana becomes more common in the larger population, more patients who are chronic and/or heavy users of marijuana present for surgical procedures, raising the question of best practices to care for these patients in the perioperative period. This review summarizes the known physiologic effects of marijuana in humans, discusses potential implications of marijuana use that the anesthesiologist should consider at each phase of the perioperative period, and outlines recommendations for future study.

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Medical Use of Marijuana

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential

An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential

Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 attenuates mechanical allodynia and neuroinflammatory responses in a chronic post‐ischemic pain model of complex regional pain syndrome type I in rats

A review of the anesthetic implications of marijuana use

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