Medically-derived 131 I in municipal sewage effluent

Rose, Patricia M.; Swanson, R. Lawrence; Cochran, J. Kirk

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.045

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Assuming a 100 MBq release from one patient during one week which reaches the WWTP and appears in the sludge, with a weekly sludge production of 315,000 kg (see section 2.1) a mean I-131 sludge concentration of 317 Bq/kg would result. As the retention of I-131 in WWTP sludge is low [5,6], this is probably an upper estimate just showing that the assumption of medical application of I-131 as a source of the sludge findings can be reasonable. More detailed regional data on medical application of I-131 might help to further clarify this question.…”

Section: I-131mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1, I-131 peaks of similar amplitude of up to 1000 Bq kg -1 appear sporadically during the whole time series. The appearance of I-131 in sewage sludge is a common finding in radioisotope monitoring, and the explanation normally lies in the medical application of this isotope, mainly for thyroid treatment [5,6]. Individual patients receive I-131 activities of up to several GBq.…”

Section: I-131mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Comparison of Radioisotope Concentration in Sewage Sludge after the Fukushima and Chernobyl Accidents

Fischer

Yokoo

2014

Energy Procedia

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Radioisotope concentrations in sewage sludge, obtained on a daily basis in the Fukushima city wastewater treatment plant from end of April 2011 until end of December 2013, have been analysed for their evolution with time, and the time series have been compared to similar data from central Europe after the Chernobyl accident. Additionally, daily rainfall data have been considered for Fukushima. The long-term trends for Cs-137 are very similar between Japan and Europe, indicating a decrease of concentration with an initial half-life of about 1 year with a tendency towards a slower decrease at later times. Short-term Cs-137 data indicate a dominating influence of rainfall -each significant rainfall event leads to a sharp increase of sludge Cs-137 concentration. Absolute values (maximum: ca. 6000 Bq kg -1 ) are relatively low compared to Europe after 1986 -this is attributed to the different types of sewer systems: separated in Fukushima, collecting only small amounts of rainfall with the wastewater, mixed in many cities in Europe, collecting rainwater and wastewater in the same sewer. I-131 was detectable during short intervals and at relatively constant maximum concentration (ca. 1000 Bq kg -1 ) during the whole observation period. The origin is suspected to be routine medical application of the isotope, which has been shown to contribute significantly to sewage sludge concentration wherever it is in use.

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Section: I-131mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: I-131mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Comparison of Radioisotope Concentration in Sewage Sludge after the Fukushima and Chernobyl Accidents

Fischer

Yokoo

2014

Energy Procedia

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“…[4,5] In analytical chemistry, iodine compounds are used fort he detection of ammonia (Nessler's reagent) and alkaloids (Mayer's reagent). [7] In addition, radioactive iodine as af ission product can be released from nuclear power plants in accidents. Iodine is accumulated primarily in the thyroid gland, and the ingestion of excess iodine may cause thyroid dysfunction in both humans and wildlife.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of Iodide by Bismuth Vanadate and Bismuth Oxide: An Insight into the Process and its Aftermath

et al. 2018

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As a result of the scarcity of iodine, as well as its threat to the environment if it is present in excess, iodine as a waste needs to be captured. Compared with ion-exchange resins and Ag-containing materials, which are popular iodide adsorbents, Bi-containing compounds show some important advantages, such as high iodide-capture capacity and fast kinetics. In this study, two Bi-containing compounds, BiVO and Bi O , were investigated comprehensively for iodide immobilization. The influence of the pH, iodide/adsorbent ratio, temperature, crystallite size, and competing ions was explored, with a view to optimization of the capture process. Further study of the iodide-adsorbed bismuth compounds confirms that the capture of iodide by BiVO and Bi O is a chemisorption process with the formation of bismuth oxyiodide (Bi O I ). Furthermore, iodide ions are able to penetrate into the bulk of BiVO and Bi O , which is believed to be responsible for their high capture capacity. The application of Bi O I as a photocatalyst has also been examined in Cr reduction. This result makes the capture of iodide by BiVO and Bi O even more environmentally friendly as the photocatalytic application of the iodide-containing adsorbents not only avoids the production of secondary waste but may help to solve other environmental issues.

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“…Power plant accidents such as those in Chernobyl and Fukushima can result in the leakage of high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes into the environment . Radioactive iodine is also found in waste water discharge from medical research institutions, where 131 I is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and metabolic disorders . The release of iodine radioisotopes into the environment poses a serious problem due to its ability to diffuse in aqueous mediums as iodide ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,3] Radioactive iodine is also found in waste water discharge from medical research institutions, where 131 Iisused in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and metabolic disorders. [4,5] The release of iodine radioisotopes into the environment poses as eriousp roblem due to its ability to diffusei na queous mediums as iodide ions. These iodide ions can show extensive migration as they do not form insoluble salts in natural waters and are poorly absorbed by silicates in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐Controlled Preparation of Basic Bismuth Nitrate Crystals with High Iodide‐Removal Capacities

Fan

2015

ChemNanoMat

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Bismuth compounds have generatedm uch interest as agents for the removal of radioactive iodine. In this work, we present the shape-controlled preparation of basic bismuth nitrate crystals( BBN) in the form of Reuleauxt riangles, hexagons, andd eformed hexagon disks. Shape control was achieved through modulationo ft he effect of the shape-directing agent2 ,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (dpp). The crystals were shown to be capable of iodide removal through reaction with I À to form BiOI. Depending on the degree of saturation, the resultant solids can exhibit colors rangingf rom yellow (unsaturated) to orange (saturated). Sedimentation of the products facilitates its removal after use. While the removal capacities did not depend on the crystal morphology,t he Reuleaux triangled isks exhibited faster reaction rates than the other two shapes. With improvedr emoval capacities of up to 3.6 mmol g À1 ,f ast removal kinetics, good selectivity,a nd capture irreversibility,t he BBN crystalss how good potential as agents for radioactive iodine removal.

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Medically-derived 131 I in municipal sewage effluent

Cited by 57 publications

References 28 publications

Preliminary Comparison of Radioisotope Concentration in Sewage Sludge after the Fukushima and Chernobyl Accidents

Preliminary Comparison of Radioisotope Concentration in Sewage Sludge after the Fukushima and Chernobyl Accidents

Capture of Iodide by Bismuth Vanadate and Bismuth Oxide: An Insight into the Process and its Aftermath

Shape‐Controlled Preparation of Basic Bismuth Nitrate Crystals with High Iodide‐Removal Capacities

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