Medications and Monitoring in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections

Egelund, Eric F.; Fennelly, Kevin P.; Peloquin, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2014.11.001

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To identify new therapeutic targets and enable rational vaccine design, increased understanding of the molecular and cellular host defense mechanisms providing protective immunity against NTM is needed [17]. However, most studies of NTM conducted to date have focused on epidemiological investigations [35], drug sensitivity [11] and laboratory diagnosis [33]. Indeed, there have been few investigations of host immune mechanisms following infection or the reasons for which NTM can persist in the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycobacterium (M.) vaccae is a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced by M. vaccae isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strain M. vaccae Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolated M. vaccae using intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between M. vaccae and M. vaccae BCG revealed that M. vaccae was more malignant than M. vaccae in mice. We also demonstrated that serum from the M. vaccae-infected mice contained a higher expression level of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta than did the other groups, especially after week 4. Furthermore, when the numbers of CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD3+CD4+IL4+ cells in the infected mice were observed by flow cytometry, we found that a powerful T helper 1 (Th1) response was induced by M. vaccae infection, which was associated with the emergence of CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ cells. However, the Th1 response declined over time, which was associated with appearance of the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25+CD152+Treg cell reaction. In addition, a strong Th2 response was found. Finally, we found that M. vaccae infection increased the production of type I IFNs, which was associated with a reduced Th1 response.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Treatment recommendations are mostly based on expert opinions and traditions [99]. The scientific evidence base for most recommendations is narrow and is largely derived from retrospective cohort studies, drug susceptibility surveys, or animal experiments [100,101,102].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Disease Caused by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria

Wassilew¹,

Hoffmann²,

Andréjak³

et al. 2016

Respiration

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include more than 160 ubiquitous, environmental, acid-fast-staining bacterial species, some of which may cause disease in humans. Chronic pulmonary infection is the most common clinical manifestation. Although patients suffering from chronic lung diseases are particularly susceptible to NTM pulmonary disease, many affected patients have no apparent risk factors. Host and pathogen factors leading to NTM pulmonary disease are not well understood and preventive therapies are lacking. NTM isolation and pulmonary disease are reported to rise in frequency in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. Differentiation between contamination, infection, and disease remains challenging. Treatment of NTM pulmonary disease is arduous, lengthy, and costly. Correlations between results of in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing and clinical treatment outcomes are only evident for the Mycobacterium avium complex, M. kansasii, and some rapidly growing mycobacteria. We describe the epidemiology of NTM pulmonary disease as well as emerging NTM pathogens and their geographical distribution in non-cystic fibrosis patients in Europe. We also review recent innovations for the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease, summarize treatment recommendations, and identify future research priorities to improve the management of patients affected by NTM pulmonary disease.

show abstract

“…Macrolides are the treatment of choices for MAC lung infections [104]. Rifampin or ethambutol can be added to macrolide administration for 18-24 months [63].…”

Section: Mac Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Negligent and Emerging Pathogens

Aung¹,

Beuerman²

2018

Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex and Mycobacterium leprae. NTM infections have increased globally and are now considered an emerging infection as they are often encountered in developed countries. NTMs require extended treatment adding considerably to the economic burden. The increasing number of patients with immunocompromised disorders, increasing usage of immunosuppressive agents, general awareness of the NTM diseases due to the advancement in molecular diagnostic techniques and aging of the population increase the prevalence rate of NTM infections. However, several barriers such as the requirement of better diagnostic techniques, settled treatment guidelines, clinician awareness and knowledge of pathogenesis are limiting and NTM infections are often not treated promptly. Etiology and epidemiology of NTM infections [Mmycobacterium avium complex (slowly growing mycobacteria, SGM) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)] are discussed in this chapter. Clinical features, diagnosis and currently available treatment guidelines for these infections in skin, eye and lung are summarized. Suggestions for future research directions are suggested particularly for the better understanding of host-pathogen crosstalk and new therapeutic strategies.

show abstract

Medications and Monitoring in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections

Cited by 52 publications

References 90 publications

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

Pulmonary Disease Caused by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Negligent and Emerging Pathogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About