Medicinal Knowledge of Traditional Community in Kampung Dukuh, Garut Regency, West Java

Abstract

AbstrakMasyarakat adat Kampung Dukuh, Cikelet, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat masih mempertahankan tradisi leluhurnya terutama dalam pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Kampung Dukuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan etnobotani. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah daftar tumbuhan obat yang diketahui, lokasi tempat diperoleh atau ditanam, dan kegunaan masing-masing jenis tumbuhan tersebut. Identifikasi dilakukan di Herbarium Bandungense SITH-ITB. Lokalitas dan kegunaan masing-masing tanaman obat dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Kampung Dukuh mengklasifikasikan penyakit menjadi tiga yaitu penyakit biasa, penyakit karena sihir, dan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh makanan. Sebanyak 131 jenis tumbuhan dari 51 suku tercatat dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat. Lima suku dengan jumlah spesies terbanyak adalah Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, dan Solanaceae. Jenis penyakit yang disembuhkan dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat yang paling banyak adalah perawatan sebelum dan sesudah melahirkan. Masyarakat memperoleh tanaman dari lima lokasi: kebon (kebun), leuweung (hutan), halaman rumah, pinggir jalan, dan huma (lahan pertanian kering). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Kampung Dukuh mengintegrasikan budaya penggunaan tumbuhan obat dengan upaya pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati setempat. AbstractTraditional community of Kampung Dukuh, in Cikelet, Garut Regency, West Java still keep their ancestral tradition alive, especially the traditional healing. This study aims to document the medicinal plants used by the people of Kampung Dukuh. Method used was ethnobotanical approach. Data collected were the list of medicinal plants known, locations the species obtained or planted, and the utility of each species. Identification was done at Herbarium Bandungense SITH-ITB. Locality and the utility of each medicinal plant were collected by using the semi-structured interview. The result showed that people of Kampung Dukuh classified illness into three: common illness, illness by magic and disease caused by food. A total of 131 species from 51 families of plants were recorded to be recognized and used by the community as medicines. Five families with the most number of species were Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. Type of medical condition mostly by utilizing medicinal plants was pre and post-partum care. People obtained plants from five locations; kebon (garden), leuweung (forest), buruan (home garden), sidewalk, and huma (dry farm). This research indicated that people of Kampung Dukuh integrated the culture of using medicinal plant with conservation effort of local biodiversity.

Exploring Urban Ethnobotany: A Case Study of Medicinal Plants Traded in Gede Hardjonagoro Market, Surakarta, Indonesia

“…Furthermore, strategic cultivation was carried out as refugia in the plains and floodplains surroundings for safeguarding the main crops. 54 The farmers who harvest the phytomedicine are also responsible for drying before being sold to the various mongers in bulk. These mongers transport goods to the market on designated days, to sell for traders of Pasar Gede through a traditional auction.…”

Utilization of family medicinal plants for health in Ngasem Village

“…Selain itu, masyarakat belum banyak mengetahui manfaat dari tanaman obat keluarga yang seharusnya dapat ditanam di sekitar rumah. Menurut Santhyami & Sulistyawati (2021), sebagian besar tanaman obat dapat ditanam di pekarangan rumah. Tanaman obat memiliki banyak manfaat baik pada bagian akar, batang hingga daun.…”

Indigenous practices for cultivation of fruit plants in Kampung Dukuh, West Java, Indonesia

“…According to Pratama et al (2019), at least 35 fruit tree species can be found in the home garden and mixed garden of Kampung Dukuh, such as Annona muricata, Averrhoa carambola, and Garcinia mangostana. The fruit of G. mangostana is used as a skin medicine by burning, pounding, mixing with oil, and then smearing it on the injured skin (Santhyami & Sulistyawati 2021). This shows that indigenous peoples in Kampung Dukuh understand the natural resources well and deliberately cultivate these plants to meet their needs.…”