Santhyami, Basukriadi A, Patria MP, Abdulhadi R. 2018. The comparison of aboveground C-stock between cacao-based agroforestry system and cacao monoculture practice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 472-479. One of the main cause of climate change is deforestation for agricultural purposes. Therefore, Agroforestry System-AFS is regarded as a benign approach to reduce pressure on natural forest while still meeting the needs of local communities. In West Sumatra, Indonesia, small-scale AFS with cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is the most commonly developed agroforestry system. At present, there is a tendency to intensify cacaobased AFS by reducing the shade trees leading to monoculture practice. Although many studies had demonstrated the benefits of agroforestry over monoculture, not many studies have been looking at the comparison of carbon stock (C-Stock) of cacao-based AFS with different types of shade trees, particularly in West Sumatra. This study aimed to compare the aboveground C-Stock of three types of cacao-based AFS developed in West Sumatra; (i) Cacao-Rubber (CR), (ii) Cacao Multi-strata (CM), (iii) Cacao-Coconut (CC) with monoculture practice. Using replicated nested plot design, data were collected in April-June 2017 in Pasaman District for CR and CM and Padang Pariaman District for CC and monoculture. Biomass of cacao and shade trees and saplings were determined using allometric equations. The highest total aboveground biomass and C-Stock was found in CC AFS system (an average of 206.84 Mg ha-1 containing 103.42 MgC ha-1, respectively). The lowest total aboveground biomass and C-Stock was found in monoculture system (an average of 20 Mg ha-1 containing 10 MgC ha-1, respectively). Cacao-based AFS in West Sumatra has the potential to contribute to carbon storage by increasing the stocking density of shade tress through carbon-friendly intensification. An additional incentives should be considered such as including the farmers in environmental service reward schemes for maintaining high C stocks in their farms.

The aim of this study is to obtain basic descriptive account of structure and floristic composition of cacao based agroforestry in conserving tree species diversity in West Sumatera. An analysis of the composition and structure of three types of cacao based agroforestry system (AFS) [cacao -rubber (CR), cacao -coconut (CC) and cacao multistrata (CM)] was conducted in April to June 2017. Data collection was done by using quadrat method of 20 x 20 meter plots with a total of 6 plots on each types of AFS. Herbarium specimens were collected and identified. Among all types of these AFS, CC was the most diverse floristically (H' = 1.02) with the highest total of species (10 species), followed by CM (9 species) and CR (7 species). CM has the highest tree density of 1108 trees per ha and the highest total of basal area (30.53 m 2 ). We also did a comparison of the floristic composition of cacao based AFS with the nearest natural forest from previous study. There was a large decrease in the number of non-cocoa tree species from natural forest to AFS, from 139 to 6-9 species. The only native tree species found both in the forest and AFS is Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. It is concluded that three types of cocoa based AFS in West Sumatera were floristically different with natural forest.

AbstrakMasyarakat adat Kampung Dukuh, Cikelet, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat masih mempertahankan tradisi leluhurnya terutama dalam pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Kampung Dukuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan etnobotani. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah daftar tumbuhan obat yang diketahui, lokasi tempat diperoleh atau ditanam, dan kegunaan masing-masing jenis tumbuhan tersebut. Identifikasi dilakukan di Herbarium Bandungense SITH-ITB. Lokalitas dan kegunaan masing-masing tanaman obat dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Kampung Dukuh mengklasifikasikan penyakit menjadi tiga yaitu penyakit biasa, penyakit karena sihir, dan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh makanan. Sebanyak 131 jenis tumbuhan dari 51 suku tercatat dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat. Lima suku dengan jumlah spesies terbanyak adalah Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, dan Solanaceae. Jenis penyakit yang disembuhkan dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat yang paling banyak adalah perawatan sebelum dan sesudah melahirkan. Masyarakat memperoleh tanaman dari lima lokasi: kebon (kebun), leuweung (hutan), halaman rumah, pinggir jalan, dan huma (lahan pertanian kering). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Kampung Dukuh mengintegrasikan budaya penggunaan tumbuhan obat dengan upaya pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati setempat. AbstractTraditional community of Kampung Dukuh, in Cikelet, Garut Regency, West Java still keep their ancestral tradition alive, especially the traditional healing. This study aims to document the medicinal plants used by the people of Kampung Dukuh. Method used was ethnobotanical approach. Data collected were the list of medicinal plants known, locations the species obtained or planted, and the utility of each species. Identification was done at Herbarium Bandungense SITH-ITB. Locality and the utility of each medicinal plant were collected by using the semi-structured interview. The result showed that people of Kampung Dukuh classified illness into three: common illness, illness by magic and disease caused by food. A total of 131 species from 51 families of plants were recorded to be recognized and used by the community as medicines. Five families with the most number of species were Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. Type of medical condition mostly by utilizing medicinal plants was pre and post-partum care. People obtained plants from five locations; kebon (garden), leuweung (forest), buruan (home garden), sidewalk, and huma (dry farm). This research indicated that people of Kampung Dukuh integrated the culture of using medicinal plant with conservation effort of local biodiversity.

Litter is a fragment of aboveground carbon stocks, a vital bridge to the belowground carbon cycle. Land conversion to agricultural purposes will affect litter production. This study aimed to compare the litter production of natural forests with cocoa-based agroforestry systems (AFS) in West Sumatra. Litter production was measured in five different types of ecosystems, namely natural forest (NF), cocoa-rubber-based AFS (CR), multistrata cocoa-based AFS (CM), cocoa-coconut-based AFS (CC), and cocoa monoculture (M). This study is quantitative research with the collection method. The difference in litter production between the five ecosystems observed was tested using ANOVA parametric statistical method. Litter was collected monthly for one year in which litter traps were evenly distributed in each research plot. Ecosystems of NF and M produced the highest annual litter (6.04 Mg ha-1 and 4.65 Mg ha-1 respectively), while CR produced the lowest one (2.52 Mg ha-1). Although this study did not perform comprehensive modeling of decomposition dynamics, the measurement of annual litter production can provide a further understanding of the dynamics of ecosystem carbon, especially in cocoa-based agroforestry.

Lichen dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator pencemaran udara di suatu daerah karena sifatnya yang sensitif terhadap polusi. Lichen mampu bertahan hidup di lingkungan yang ekstrim. Sensitivitas lichen terhadap pencemaran udara dapat dilihat melalui perubahan keanekaragamannya. Lichen dibedakan menjadi 4 kelompok berdasarkan bentuk thalusnya yaitu Crustose, Foliose, dan Fruticose. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman lichen sebagai bioindikator kualitas udara di Kawasan Kota Surakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2021 menggunakan metode kombinasi antara teknik purposive sampling dan eksplorasi (penelusuran lokasi). Hasil penelitian lichen yang dilakukan di Kawasan Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah yang terdiri atas 11 titik ditemukan 12 spesies lichen yang berasal dari 7 famili yang diantaranya Lecanoraceae, Graphidaceae, Parmeliaceae, Caliciaceae, Arthoniaceae, Pyrenulaceae, dan Stereocaulaceae. Jenis lichen tersebut termasuk dalam kelompok talus foliose dan crustose. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) lichen di Kota Surakarta yaitu 1,92 dimana menunjukan tingkat keanekaragaman yang tergolong sedang. Presentase jumlah koloni lichen tertinggi pada spesies Lepraria lobificans Nyl. yaitu 38% dan terendah Parmelia sp. yaitu 0,07%.