Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline

Panza, Francesco; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Colacicco, Anna M.; D’Introno, Alessia; Capurso, Cristiano; Torres, Francesco; Parigi, Angelo Del; Capurso, Sabrina A.; Capurso, Antonio

doi:10.1079/phn2004561

Cited by 176 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Despite the fact that the causes of dementia are multifactorial, there is growing evidence that modifiable risk factors such as cardio-metabolic diseases and lifestyle play an important role; Thus, nutrition is a key role [120] [121] [117] [118]. The typical mechanisms of aging of brain cells show signs of atrophy, most of which are related to 3 main mechanisms, as explained (above) in setting up, namely, the decline in supply flow blood and, mitochondrial dysfunction (caused by oxidative stress), increasing inflammation of the patient's brain [107].…”

Section: Iii-2-2 Cognitive Function and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Pressure, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disease and Obesity

Benyaich¹

2017

jaar

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Poor dietary habits lead to the emergence of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cancer, dementia, obesity and oxidative stress involved through the aggression of cells by free radicals, Knowing that these diseases cause a global burden both individually and economically, Several studies focus on the relationship between diet and chronic disease. Studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet, (MD) traditional eating habits and lifestyle specific to the Mediterranean region, reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and improve longevity. The MD is known to be one of the healthiest diets, this diet is based on herbs, spices, vegetables, fruits, olive oils, cereals (preferably whole grains), legumes and nuts, fish and shellfish, white meat, so the main source of dietary fat from MD is olive oil. Moderate consumption of eggs and dairy products, and reduced consumption of red meats, processed meats and foods rich in sugars and fats. MD has a beneficial fatty acid profile with a higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MSFA) and a higher MSFA / saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio than non-Mediterranean diets. High consumption of dietary fiber. a low glycemic index, antiinflammatory effects, and antioxidant compounds, can work together to produce favorable effects on health status. MD is rich in vitamins and minerals, such as: vitamin B (B1, B2, niacin, B6, folate and B12) and antioxidant vitamins (vitamins E and C), and polyphenol, flavonoids, phytosterols, n-fatty acids 3 (alpha linoleic acid), resveratrol, quercetin, oleic acid, carotenoids and lutein. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current state of science regarding the relationship between the traditional Mediterranean diet and lifestyle related chronic diseases, and discuss the mechanisms involved and opportunities. In this area of research, to clarify and increase the confidence of the role of nutrition in the etiology of chronic diseases.

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Section: Iii-2-2 Cognitive Function and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Pressure, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disease and Obesity

Benyaich¹

2017

jaar

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“…In fact, these factors exert more influence on the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease than genetics 24 . Proof of this is recent research that showed that older immigrants living in the United States have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease than individuals living in their countries of origin 25 .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when motivated and supported by health professionals, individuals can use lifestyle options to influence their late-life cognitive performance and risk of brain disorders 10,15,26 . Among these options, nutrition has drawn much attention as a growing amount of evidence suggests that it may be a key factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease 10,24 .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: The role of the Mediterranean diet

Sousa

Guimarães

2015

Rev. Nutr.

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Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 28(6):691-703, nov./dez., 2015 Revista de Nutrição A B S T R A C TAlzheimer's disease rates have been increasing exponentially and are now considered a 21 st century epidemic. It contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of older adults. Thus, Alzheimer's disease is a growing major public health concern with a profuse socioeconomic impact. In addition, the existing pharmacological agents only offer modest symptomatic relief and can neither address the progressive neurodegeneration nor cure the disease. Therefore, finding effective preventive and therapeutic measures that delay the onset or reverse the course of the disease is crucial. Several studies have shown that lifestyle factors may play a central role in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or, at least, in delaying its clinical symptoms. Among these disease-modifying factors, healthy nutrition has drawn much attention given that it might strongly influence the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Such healthy dietary pattern is the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet may play a protective role against age-related changes in cognitive function, pre-dementia syndromes, and dementia. Therefore, it may constitute an effective preventive strategy for Alzheimer's disease, with low costs and few side effects. Importantly, these promising preventive measures may translate into strong epidemiological health outcomes, which might lead to a significant progress in public health. An online search was conducted in PubMed in order to revise the literature concerning the association between diet and dementia, specifically, if a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is related to lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and to understand the possible mechanisms that may explain such association.Keywords: Alzheimer disease. Diet. Mediterranean diet. Prevention. R E S U M O I N T R O D U C T I O NSince its first description in the beginning of the XX century, Alzheimer's disease has gone from a rarely reported disorder to one of the most frequent causes of disability in older adults. Accordingly, cognitive decline and particularly Alzheimer's disease are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous studies performed in the last decades have given essential insights into the nature of Alzheimer's disease and importantly, into the magnitude of the problem. However, research on Alzheimer's disease is still an endless challenge, particularly in the area of prevention 1 .Since the times of Ancient Greece, lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, can recognizably prevent or even treat several diseases, a concept that is well reflected on the well-known Hippocratic saying, "Let food be your medicine, let medicine be your food" (p.1295) 2 . Recently, many efforts have been made to describe the association between diet and cognitive function given that several studies have reported that nutrient intake and dietary practices strongly influence the...

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“…When enzymes, mitochondria, and proteins are subjected to this phenomenon, they can give rise to metabolic disorders, inflammation in several parts of the organism (blood vessels, heart, kidneys, joints); when DNA undergoes oxidation, it can cause alterations in the genetic code and increase the risk of cancer. Early ageing of cells and the development of some serious diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary emphysema, cataract, Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, breast-prostatecolon-skin cancer, have all been related to continuous oxidative damage to cells [16,29,30,51,52]. Oxidative damage can be partially prevented by adequate defense systems of the organism and the contribution of antioxidant substances from breast milk (in infants) and by diet sources (in particular fruit, vegetables and EVOO), which inactivate free radicals by donating protons [16,29,30,[51][52][53].…”

Section: Oxidation and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early ageing of cells and the development of some serious diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary emphysema, cataract, Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, breast-prostatecolon-skin cancer, have all been related to continuous oxidative damage to cells [16,29,30,51,52]. Oxidative damage can be partially prevented by adequate defense systems of the organism and the contribution of antioxidant substances from breast milk (in infants) and by diet sources (in particular fruit, vegetables and EVOO), which inactivate free radicals by donating protons [16,29,30,[51][52][53]. Since the first studies on the MD, the beneficial effects of EVOO have been attributed to the high content in oleic acid, the adequate contribution of linoleic acid (18:2, n À 6) and a-linolenic acid (18:3, n À 3) (which are present in a optimal ratio), and to the limited presence of SFA [15,54].…”

Section: Oxidation and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virgin olive oil in preventive medicine: From legend to epigenetics

Caramia¹,

Gori

Valli

et al. 2012

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Among vegetable oils, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has nutritional and sensory characteristics that make it unique and a basic component of the Mediterranean diet. EVOO has always been used over the centuries for its preventive and therapeutic properties, as well as precious and valuable dietary lipidic condiment. Benefic effects of a diet rich in EVOO on the human health, especially in prevention and/or reduction of hypercholesterolaemia, serum lipoprotein levels and atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and thrombotic risk, oxidation and oxidative stress, obesity and type 2 diabetes, inflammatory processes and cancer are discussed in these review. Recent studies suggest also its role in regulating the sense of satiety. The chemical compounds of EVOO that may contribute to its overall therapeutic characteristics, the epigenetic and physiological mechanisms involved are focused, taking into account the most important studies in the literature of the last years.Practical applications: Many studies on various aspects of nutrition indicated that many human diseases are influenced by lifestyle, in which the diet has an important aspect. The use of extra virgin olive oil is especially important from early childhood and throughout adult life to contribute to hinder the aging process. The importance of preventive and sometimes curative action, carried out by its various components in several pathological conditions has emerged from clinical, experimental, and epidemiological studies which, in many cases, are accompanied by indisputable scientific evidences. Taking into account the most important studies in the literature of the last years, the chemical compounds of extra virgin olive oil and the physiological mechanisms involved in their curative/health effects are the focus of this article.

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Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline

Cited by 176 publications

References 56 publications

The effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Pressure, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disease and Obesity

The effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases, Oxidative Stress, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Pressure, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disease and Obesity

Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: The role of the Mediterranean diet

Virgin olive oil in preventive medicine: From legend to epigenetics

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