Mediterranean Diet and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in European Children and Adolescents

Seral-Cortes, Miguel; Larruy-García, Alicia; Miguel-Etayo, Pilar De; Labayen, Idoia; Aznar, Luis Alberto Moreno

doi:10.3390/genes13030420

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…a Obtained by the use of tertiles of major nutrient patterns as an ordinal variable in the model. Most previous studies on the association of dietary intake and metabolic health status have focused on dietary patterns [39][40][41] or a single nutrient intake 42,43 . NP analysis is a new approach in nutritional epidemiology that covers the consumption of all nutrients in addition to their interactions 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient patterns in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

Rouhani

Mirzaei

Asadi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The association between dietary nutrient patterns (NPs) and metabolic health status has not been investigated in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NPs and metabolic health status in Iranian adolescents with overweight and obesity. In this cross-sectional study, 203 obese/overweight adolescents were selected using a multistage mass random sampling method. To assess usual dietary intakes, a validated food frequency questionnaire was applied. Data of anthropometric and blood pressure were collected. Insulin, lipid profile, and glucose levels were determined using fasting blood samples. Two approaches [International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and a combination of IDF with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)] were applied to identify metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) adolescents. Participants had a mean age of 13.9 ± 1.61 years and 52.2% of them were girls. Three NPs were identified and labeled as "high minerals and vitamins" (NP1), "high carbohydrate" (NP2) and "high fat and sodium" (NP3). After adjustments for all potential confounders, no significant association was observed between higher adherence to NP1 and NP2 and odds of MUO; however, greater adherence to "high fat and sodium" NP was associated with higher odds of being MUO based on IDF (OR = 3.12; 95% CI 1.19, 8.09) and IDF/HOMA-IR (OR = 2.81; 95% CI 1.02, 7.74) definitions. Stratified analysis revealed that these associations were stronger in boys (versus girls) and obese (versus overweight) adolescents. In conclusion, high adherence to a "high fat and sodium" nutrient pattern was related to elevated chance of being MUO in Iranian adolescents, especially in boys and obese individuals. Therefore, less consumption of trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and sodium could be recommended to prevent MUO prevalence especially in boys with obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient patterns in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

Rouhani

Mirzaei

Asadi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In recent decades, evidence has emerged on adherence to “a priori” lifestyle scores including diet, sleep, physical activity, or screentime, which have been related to lower adiposity or certain cardiometabolic risk factors in children [ 12 – 15 ]. However, none of these composite scores have included breastfeeding [ 9 ], eating speed [ 16 , 17 ], or adherence to the MedDiet [ 18 , 19 ]. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess cross-sectionally the relationships between adherence to a composite score comprised of 6 lifestyle behaviors (breastfeeding, sleep duration, physical activity, screentime, adherence to the MedDiet, and eating speed) and its individual components with several cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 3 to 6 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle behavior composite score and cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish children from the CORALS cohort

Garcidueñas-Fimbres,

Gómez-Martínez,

Pascual-Compte

et al. 2024

Eur J Pediatr

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To assess the associations between the adherence to a composite score comprised of 6 healthy lifestyle behaviors and its individual components with several cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish preschool children. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 938 participants included in the CORALS cohort aged 3–6 years. Six recognized healthy lifestyle behaviors (breastfeeding, sleep duration, physical activity, screentime, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and eating speed) were assessed in a composite score. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the associations with cardiometabolic risk factors (weight status, waist circumference, fat mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile). In the adjusted multiple linear and logistic regression models, compared with the reference category of adherence to the healthy lifestyle behavior composite score, those participants in the category of the highest adherence showed significant decreased prevalence risk of overweight or obesity [OR (95% CI), 0.4 (0.2, 0.6)] as well as significant lower waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose concentration [β (95% CI), − 1.4 cm (− 2.5, − 0.4); − 0.3 kg/m2 (− 0.5, − 0.1); and − 3.0 mmHg (− 5.2, − 0.9); − 1.9 mg/dL (− 3.5, − 0.4), respectively]. Slow eating speed was individually associated with most of the cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions: Higher adherence to the healthy lifestyle behavior composite score was associated with lower waist circumference, FMI, other cardiometabolic risk factors, and risk of overweight or obesity in Spanish preschool children. Further studies are required to confirm these associations. What is Known:• Lifestyle is a well-recognized etiologic factor of obesity and its comorbidities.• Certain healthy behaviors such as adhering to a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and decreasing screentime are strategies for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. What is New:• Higher adherence to the healthy lifestyle behavior composite score to 6 healthy behaviors (breastfeeding, sleep duration, physical activity, screentime, eating speed, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet) was associated with decreased adiposity, including prevalence risk of overweight or obesity, and cardiometabolic risk in preschool children.• Slow eating and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet were mainly associated to lower fasting plasma and serum triglycerides concentration, respectively.

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“…During childhood and adolescence, MetS and its components are related to an increased incidence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and adulthood infertility [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. As a complex disease with multiple components, pediatric MetS is associated with various risk factors including genetic variation, dietary habits, physical activity, and air pollution [ 13 , 14 ]. In recent years, more and more susceptibility genes and genetic variants linked to childhood MetS were identified by scientists around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene in the Pathogenesis of Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2023

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Childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent around the world and is associated with a high likelihood of suffering from severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease later in adulthood. MetS is associated with genetic susceptibility that involves gene polymorphisms. The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) encodes an RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase that regulates RNA stability and molecular functions. Human FTO contains genetic variants that significantly contribute to the early onset of MetS in children and adolescents. Emerging evidence has also uncovered that FTO polymorphisms in intron 1, such as rs9939609 and rs9930506 polymorphisms, are significantly associated with the development of MetS in children and adolescents. Mechanistic studies reported that FTO polymorphisms lead to aberrant expressions of FTO and the adjacent genes that promote adipogenesis and appetite and reduce steatolysis, satiety, and energy expenditure in the carriers. The present review highlights the recent observations on the key FTO polymorphisms that are associated with child and adolescent MetS with an exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of increased waist circumference, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in child and adolescent MetS.

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Mediterranean Diet and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in European Children and Adolescents

Cited by 12 publications

References 132 publications

Nutrient patterns in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

Nutrient patterns in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle behavior composite score and cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish children from the CORALS cohort

Polymorphisms of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene in the Pathogenesis of Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome

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