Mediterranean Diet Inversely Associated With the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome

Tortosa, Arancha; Bes–Rastrollo, Maira; Sánchez‐Villegas, Almudena; Basterra-Gortari, Francisco Javier; Núñez‐Córdoba, Jorge M.; Martínez‐González, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.2337/dc07-1231

Cited by 210 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, Chrysohoou et al have observed that greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with lower C-reactive protein, lower IL-6, lower homocysteine, lower white blood cell count and lower fibrinogen compared levels with those with less adherence to the diet [131]. Tortosa et al have reported the results of a prospective dynamic cohort study that found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the incidence of features the metabolic syndrome [132].…”

Section: The Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Mediterranean food pattern: a good recipe for patients with the metabolic syndrome

Amezaga

Zulet

Marti

et al. 2008

Mediterr J Nutr Metab

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The metabolic syndrome is a complex condition characterized by dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance and abdominal fat accumulation. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome are at high risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. A comprehensive approach is required for patients suffering this cluster of clinical manifestations. Indeed, subjects with the metabolic syndrome could benefit from life-style modifications, particularly through exercise and diet. In this article, the evidence regarding the role of diet, in particular the role of food patterns based on the Mediterranean-style diet, in preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome are reviewed. Keywords Mediterranean diet · Metabolic syndrome · Diet IntroductionThere are many definitions of the metabolic syndrome, being still a matter of debate ( Table 1). The metabolic syndrome has its origins in 1923 when Kylin described a syndrome involving hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hyperuricaemia [1]. Later, Vague in 1947 linked abdominal obesity to metabolic abnormalities (i.e. diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and calculi) [2]. In 1967, Avogaro et al. described six obese patients with diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, and marked hypertriglyceridaemia, all of whom improved on a hypocaloric and low-carbohydrate diet [3]. In the 1970s, Phillips suggested associations of aging, obesity and sex hormone-associated clinical manifestations with heart disease [4,5]. In the late 1980s, Reaven proposed insulin resistance as the critical factor and coined the name syndrome-X [6].However, the most extensive definitions were established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII). In these definitions an enhanced cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio is considered a factor in the metabolic syndrome as well as elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity and elevated levels of several inflammatory markers [7,8]. In 2005 the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) emphasized abdominal obesity as the initiating factor in metabolic syndrome [9]. Although the definition of the metabolic syndrome makes little difference to prognosis [10,11], the IDF definition appears to be the most useful in clinical practice and considers different ethnic-related definitions of obesity.Each of the abnormalities promotes atherosclerosis independently, but the clustering of risk factors signifi- cantly reduces the quality of life [12] and increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indeed, the metabolic syndrome has been associated with an approximate twofold increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a European population [13]. The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is significantly higher among people with metabolic syndrome [14] even in the absence of baseline health conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes [15].The INTER...

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Section: The Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Mediterranean food pattern: a good recipe for patients with the metabolic syndrome

Amezaga

Zulet

Marti

et al. 2008

Mediterr J Nutr Metab

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“…All these factors are thought to lead not only to a lower risk of chronic diseases, but also to a better metabolic control of already established diseases. Indeed, a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease, obesity or metabolic syndrome among the participants of the SUN Project (Sánchez-Villegas et al, 2006;Tortosa et al, 2007;Martínez-González et al, 2008Nú ñez-Có rdoba et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of life in the SUN Project

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Mediterranean diet has been related with reduced morbidity and better well-being. The aim of this study was to assess whether the adherence to the Mediterranean diet were associated with mental and physical health related to quality of life. Subjects/Methods: This analysis included 11 015 participants with 4 years of follow-up in the SUN Project (a multipurpose cohort study based on university graduates from Spain). A validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline, according to a nine-point score, presented in four categories (low, low-moderate, moderate-high and high). Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was measured after 4 years of follow-up with the Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey. Generalized Linear Models were fitted to assess adjusted mean scores, the regression coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the SF-36 domains according to categories of adherence to Mediterranean diet. Results: Multivariate-adjusted models revealed a significant direct association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and all the physical and most mental health domains (vitality, social functioning and role emotional). Vitality (b ¼ 0.50, 95% CI ¼ 0.32-0.68) and general health (b ¼ 0.45, 95% CI ¼ 0.26-0.62) showed the highest coefficients. Mean values for physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health and vitality domains were significantly better with increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Those having improved their initial high diet scores have better scores in physical functioning, general health and vitality. Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet seems to be a factor importantly associated with a better HRQL.

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“…Some authors suggest that women, non-smokers (116) and physically active subjects (113)(114)(115)119) with a higher educational level (119) have a healthier dietary pattern in general. For this reason, when analysing the relationship between the adscription to a dietary pattern and the presence or incidence of MetS, it is important to adjust for these possible confounders.…”

Section: Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns And Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence

Babió

Bulló

Salas‐Salvadó

2009

Public Health Nutr.

161

106

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Background: The Mediterranean diet has long been related to a lower cardiovascular disease risk; however, more recent evidences also indicate that it has a favourable effect on adiposity and type 2 diabetes. Design: Review of the available literature in relation to Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome. Results: Several components of Mediterranean diet patterns have been inversely related with body mass index. They are considered to be modulators of insulin resistance, can exert beneficial effects on blood pressure, improve atherogenic dyslipidemia or attenuate the inflammatory burden associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been associated with dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, legumes and fish, moderate in alcohol and low in red meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates and whole-fat dairy products. Conclusions: There is much evidence suggesting that the Mediterranean diet could serve as an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, which could help to fight diseases related to chronic inflammation, including metabolic syndrome.

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Mediterranean Diet Inversely Associated With the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 210 publications

References 24 publications

The Mediterranean food pattern: a good recipe for patients with the metabolic syndrome

The Mediterranean food pattern: a good recipe for patients with the metabolic syndrome

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of life in the SUN Project

Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence

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