Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil: An Intended Placebo with Unexpected Adverse Effects

Ferguson, Lynnette R.; Laing, Bobbi; Ellett, Stephanie; Marlow, Gareth

doi:10.21767/2386-5180.1000105

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Both these fatty acids are important from the physiological point of view [30]. A similar effect of MCT was found in human blood by Fergusson et al [31]. Jean and Chiang [32] fed sows with MCT and found that it could be an effective means of increasing the survival of neonatal pigs.…”

Section: Effect Of Oils In Maternal Feeding On the Sows Reproductive supporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of Maternal Diet and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation for Piglets on Their Digestive Tract Development, Structure, and Chyme Acidity as Well as Performance and Health Status

Świątkiewicz

Hańczakowska

Okoń

et al. 2020

Animals

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oils for sows during late pregnancy and lactation on offspring performance. In addition, the effect of caprylic acid (C8) or medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT) in piglets’ feed on their gut development, performance, and health status was determined. The experiment was conducted on 24 sows allocated to two treatments: diet with rapeseed oil or with coconut oil. Newborn piglets were randomly allocated to three treatments: feed with no supplement or supplemented with 0.3% MCT or with 0.3% C8. The results showed that both oils had no effect on sow reproductive rates; however, fatty acid patterns of milk differed significantly and the number of lost piglets was lower in sow fed with coconut oil. Both caprylic and MCT oil significantly improved piglet performance and villus height. These additives did not change triacylglycerol content in blood, but C8 lowered total cholesterol and MCT increased IgG content. It can be concluded that coconut oil fed to pregnant and lactating sows can markedly reduce the mortality of piglets and that caprylic acid and medium-chain fatty acid oil can be a good supplement in weaned piglet feed.

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Section: Effect Of Oils In Maternal Feeding On the Sows Reproductive supporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of Maternal Diet and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation for Piglets on Their Digestive Tract Development, Structure, and Chyme Acidity as Well as Performance and Health Status

Świątkiewicz

Hańczakowska

Okoń

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…However, there is also some in vitro evidence that MCT can downregulate adiponectin mRNA expression in adipocytes in the presence of TNF-alpha [60]. Supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with an increase in adiponectin [61], and supplementation with MCT has been associated with a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) [62]. We did not measure changes in EPA and DHA, although this may represent a potential mechanism for the decrease in total adiponectin that we observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of medium chain triglycerides supplementation on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function: A feasibility study

Thomas

Stockman

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveMedium chain triglycerides (MCT) have unique metabolic properties which may improve insulin sensitivity (Si) and beta cell function but data in humans are limited. We conducted a 6-week clinical trial of MCT oil supplementation.Methods22 subjects without diabetes (8 males, 14 females, mean ± standard error age 39±2.9 years, baseline BMI 27.0±1.4 kg/m2) were counseled to maintain their body weight and physical activity (PA) during the trial. Dietary intake, PA data, body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) were obtained through dietary recall, international PA questionnaire, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and indirect calorimetry, respectively. MCT prescriptions were given based on REE and PA to replace part of dietary fat with 30 grams of MCT per 2000 kcal daily. Insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after MCT to measure changes in Si, acute insulin response (AIR), disposition index (DI), and glucose effectiveness (Sg).ResultsMCT were well tolerated and weight remained stable (mean change 0.3 kg, p = 0.39). Fasting REE, respiratory quotient, and body composition were stable during the intervention. There were no significant changes in mean fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fasting total ketones, Si, AIR, DI, Sg, leptin, fructosamine, and proinsulin. The mean change in Si was 0.5 10−4 min-1 per mU/L (95% CI: -1.4, 2.4), corresponding to a 12% increase from baseline, and the range was -4.7 to 12.9 10−4 min-1 per mU/L. Mean total adiponectin decreased significantly from 22925 ng/mL at baseline to 17598 ng/mL at final visit (p = 0.02). The baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were not significantly associated with the change in Si.DiscussionThere were a wide range of changes in the minimal model parameters of glucose and insulin metabolism in subjects following 6 weeks of MCT as an isocaloric substitution for part of usual dietary fat intake. Since this was a single-arm non-randomized study without a control group, it cannot be certain whether these changes were due to MCT so further randomized controlled trials are warranted.

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“…Vitamin D 3 absorption was significantly higher with peanut oil than with MCTs in both fasting and non-fasting states [113]. For this reason, and because MCT appeared to also affect the fatty acid levels, MCT was not used as a control supplement in the trial with CD participants and a refined fish oil was used instead [37].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Omega-3 and Vitamin D Supplement on Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Serum Levels in Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trials in Healthy and Crohn’s Disease Populations

et al. 2020

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Two trials separately measured the bioavailability and impact on inflammation of a supplement taken daily containing 510 mg Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 344 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1000 IU of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D), for healthy and Crohn’s disease (CD) populations. Both trials were double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled with cross-over. Participants were randomly allocated to groups A (placebo then supplement) or B (supplement then placebo). Both included a washout. Fatty acid (N-3 PUFAs) and vitamin D serum levels, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and stool calprotectin were measured before and after each treatment period. Outcome measures were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models, including terms for treatment, period, and a treatment-by-period interaction. The supplement significantly increased serum levels in healthy and CD groups for EPA (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), Docosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.001 and 0.005), DHA (p < 0.001 and 0.006), the omega-3 index (p < 0.001 and 0.001), and (vitamin D (p < 0.001 and 0.027). CRP and calprotectin measures showed no evidence of a treatment effect on inflammation; however, model estimation was imprecise for both outcomes, hence further research is required to elucidate potential inflammation effects. The nutrient supplement increased serum levels of key N-3 PUFAs and vitamin D in both populations, showing the preparation was readily bioavailable.

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Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil: An Intended Placebo with Unexpected Adverse Effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Maternal Diet and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation for Piglets on Their Digestive Tract Development, Structure, and Chyme Acidity as Well as Performance and Health Status

Effect of Maternal Diet and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation for Piglets on Their Digestive Tract Development, Structure, and Chyme Acidity as Well as Performance and Health Status

Effects of medium chain triglycerides supplementation on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function: A feasibility study

Effects of an Omega-3 and Vitamin D Supplement on Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Serum Levels in Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trials in Healthy and Crohn’s Disease Populations

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