Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Induced by Typhoon Chan‐hom Over China

Abstract

This paper reports the ionospheric response to Typhoon Chan-hom using Global Positioning System network data from China, combined with observations of an ionosonde chain. Two medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) were observed around the two landing times of Typhoon Chan-hom. The MSTID with a phase fronts aligned in the north-south direction was detected on the east coast of China at 16:50-18:40 UT on 11 July 2015 and moved westward with a mean horizontal phase velocity of 268 m/s and period of 56 min. Then the concentric MSTID appeared on the northeast of China at 01:50-05:10 UT on 13 July 2015 and propagated in the radial direction with average horizontal phase velocity of 143 m/s and period of 45 min. There may be some connections between the north-south-aligned MSTID and the electrodynamical coupling of the sporadic E layer and the F layer, while the concentric MSTID may be caused by the concentric gravity waves resulting from the bodyforces related with the typhoon.Over the last two decades, the densely deployed Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers have been provided a powerful tool to monitor the ionospheric disturbances continuously in a wide range. The GPS

On the Seeding of Periodic Equatorial Plasma Bubbles by Gravity Waves Associated With Tropical Cyclone: A Case Study

“…The time period T is calculated using the Lomb‐Scargle periodagram of TEC perturbations of individual stations and averaging at the end. Finally, the horizontal wavelength ( λ h ) is estimated from the relation, λ h = T × V ph (Song et al, 2017, 2019). The time period and horizontal velocity deduced for 8 and 9 April are ~23 min, ~225 m/s and ~23 min, ~230 m/s, respectively.…”

“…Nishioka et al (2013) have given a clear observational evidence of concentric waves developed in the ionosphere after the 2013 Moore EF5 tornado. Using the dense GPS network data from China, Song et al (2019) reported the observation of two MSTID events during the Typhoon Chan‐hom. Even though there are several studies that reported the development of MSTIDs and TIDs due to TCs, studies on the EPB/ESF irregularities associated with TCs are very few (Ke et al, 2019; Lou et al, 2019; Yang & Liu, 2016).…”

Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Characteristics during the 2018 Typhoon Maria from GPS Observations

“…Nowadays, denser Global Positioning System (GPS) observations provide important data for the study of ionospheric variations, allowing the continuous monitoring of large-scale ionospheric disturbances caused by typhoons [11][12][13][14] and earthquakes [15][16][17]. The characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are consistent with the theory of gravity waves.…”

“…Therefore, more analysis and studies are needed. Furthermore, the disturbance propagation direction, period, and speed do not clearly follow the typhoon [11].…”

“…The characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are consistent with the theory of gravity waves. Song et al [11] used Chinese GPS station data to study two ionospheric disturbances caused by Typhoon Chan-hom and found the periods and speeds of two medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) to be 56 min, 268 m/s and 45 min, 143 m/s, respectively, which may have been caused by the acoustic-gravity wave excited by the super typhoon propagating upward in the ionosphere. Due to the complexity of the typhoon mechanism, it is still difficult to know the mode and pattern of ionospheric disturbances triggered by different typhoons.…”