Meeting the New 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Deahl-Greenlaw, Amy; Marks, Samantha

doi:10.32481/djph.2016.06.011

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The participants’ age, race, gender, BMI, CCI, HEI, lipid status, the length of follow-up and medication usage were treated as covariates. Moreover, BMI was categorized into 3 groups: <25 (normal), 25–29.9 (overweight) and ≥30.0 (obesity) ( 15 ); HEI was categorized into 3 groups: <50.0 (poor dietary), 50.0–79.9 (need to improve) and ≥80.0 (healthy dietary) ( 16 ); VD intake was also categorized into 3 groups: <10 μg/d (less than the US Estimated Average Requirement, EAR), 10–15 μg/d and >15 μg/d (above the US Recommended Dietary Allowance, RDA) ( 17 , 18 ). The continuous data were evaluated for normality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancies-specific mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia in the United States

et al. 2022

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BackgroundVitamin D (VD) plays an important role in decreasing the risk of adverse events for various metabolic diseases. However, for patients with hyperlipidemia, the relationship between the main VD storage within the body known as serum 25-hydroxy-VD [25(OH)VD] and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancies-specific mortality is still unclear.Materials and methodsA total of 6740 participants above the age of 20 years with hyperlipidemia who completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2016 and were followed up until 2019 were included in the study. The weighted Cox proportional hazards regression model and weighted competing risk regression model were used to evaluate the risk for all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy-related mortality in relation to the serum 25(OH)VD. The model was adjusted according to age, gender, race, body mass index, lipids status, medication usage, the Charlson comorbidity index and healthy eating index. The last restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was used to present the relationship between hazard ratios (HR) associated with diverse cause-specified modalities and the serum 25(OH)VD levels.ResultsSerum 25(OH)VD was identified as an independent factor for mortality. Lower serum 25(OH)VD under the threshold of 25.6 and 25.2 ng/ml were significantly associated with a higher risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities, respectively. However, no association was found between malignancy-specific mortality and serum 25(OH)VD.ConclusionSerum 25(OH)VD were identified as an independent factor associated with risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in patient with hyperlipidemia. Moreover, lower serum 25(OH)VD than 25.6 and 25.2 ng/mL were, respectively, associated with a gradual increase in a risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia, and therefore regular monitoring of VD levels and correction of VD deficiency is recommended in those patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancies-specific mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia in the United States

et al. 2022

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The association between diet quality, plant-based diets, systemic inflammation, and mortality risk: findings from NHANES

et al. 2023

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Purpose To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association of diet quality and plant-based diets (PBD) with inflammatory-related mortality in obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the joint associations of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), plant-based dietary index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), unhealthy PDI (uPDI), pro-vegetarian dietary index (PVD), and systemic inflammation with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality risks by obesity status. Methods Participants from NHANES were included in cross-sectional (N = 27,915, cycle 1999–2010, 2015–2018) and longitudinal analysis (N = 11,939, cycle 1999–2008). HEI-2015, PDI, hPDI, uPDI, and PVD were constructed based on the 24-h recall dietary interview. The grade of inflammation (low, moderate, and high) was determined based on C-reactive protein (CRP) values and multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the association. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the joint associations of diet and inflammation with mortality. Results In the fully adjusted model, HEI-2015 (ORT3vsT1 = 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.84; p-trend = < 0.001), PDI (ORT3vsT1 = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.91; p trend = < 0.001), hPDI (ORT3vsT1 = 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88; p trend = < 0.001), and PVD (ORT3vsT1 = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.97; p trend = 0.02) were associated with lower systemic inflammation. In contrast, uPDI was associated with higher systemic inflammation (ORT3vsT1 = 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31; p-trend = 0.03). Severe inflammation was associated with a 25% increase in all-cause mortality (ORT3vsT1 = 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.53, p trend = 0.02). No association was found between PDI, hPDI, uPDI, and PVD with mortality. The joint association, between HEI-2015, levels of systemic inflammation, and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality, was not significant. However, a greater reduction in mortality risk with an increase in HEI-2015 scores was observed in individuals with low and moderate inflammation, especially those with obesity. Conclusion Higher scores of HEI-2015 and increased intake of a healthy plant-based diet were associated with lower inflammation, while an unhealthy plant-based diet was associated with higher inflammation. A greater adherence to the 2015 dietary guidelines may reduce the risk of mortality associated with inflammation and may also benefit individuals with obesity who had low and moderate inflammation.

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Rise in Potassium Deficiency in the US Population Linked to Agriculture Practices and Dietary Potassium Deficits

Sun

Weaver

2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This paper, for the first time, provides evidence that current practices that lead to agricultural crop removal of potassium are unsustainable and likely contributed to the decline in dietary potassium intake and rise in hypokalemia prevalence in the US population. Potassium concentrations in beef, pork, turkey, fruit, vegetables, cereal crops, and so forth decreased between 1999 and 2015 based on the examination of potassium values of food items of USDA standard reference. Ratios of potassium input to removal by crops between 1987 and 2014, potassium in topsoil, and crop-available soil potassium in US farms all declined in recent years. Reported reductions in dietary potassium intake correspond to these decreases in the food supply and to increases in hypokalemia prevalence in the US population. Results of this paper provide new understanding on links between potassium management in agricultural practices and potassium intake deficits, which is needed for combating increasing hypokalemia prevalence in the US population.

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Meeting the New 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Association of serum total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancies-specific mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia in the United States

Association of serum total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancies-specific mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia in the United States

The association between diet quality, plant-based diets, systemic inflammation, and mortality risk: findings from NHANES

Rise in Potassium Deficiency in the US Population Linked to Agriculture Practices and Dietary Potassium Deficits

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