Megacities and Global Change

Kraas, Frauke; Mertins, Günter

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3417-5_1

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Manila, Jakarta, Rio de Janeiro, and Mexico City). However, the problem in itself is not novel, as it has been described as a key element for disease outbreaks during the 18 th and 19 th centuries [94]. A specific example is that of plague in Sydney, Australia, in the year 1900, when the city underwent a rapid population growth.…”

Section: Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was then, that an outbreak of bubonic plague was linked to the high density of people in areas of extremely poor sanitation. With rapid expansion of the city, basements of homes and properties became informal solid waste storage sites, sewer systems were either nonexistent or poorly managed, and many businesses operated with little regard for sanitation and proper waste management [94]. Although government regulations and provisions existed for the general control of urban construction and proper sanitation, such regulations were poorly reinforced.…”

Section: Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics: The Relevance of an Ancient Disease in Modern Times

Boire¹

2014

J Anc Dis Prev Rem

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Section: Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics: The Relevance of an Ancient Disease in Modern Times

Boire¹

2014

J Anc Dis Prev Rem

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“…The recent years have seen rapid growth of megacities around the world, especially in South Asia (Kraas 2007); it is estimated that 60% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2030 (Sokhi 2008). This rapid growth of the urban population also brings with it increasing demands for energy-based goods and services, as well as the associated pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Forecast Potential with GCM-Driven Fields for Pollution over an Urban Air Basin

Goswami

Baruah

2013

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Species like suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) not only act as atmospheric pollutants but also affect long-term climate through radiative and chemical forcing. Earlier work has shown that the daily variations in these species over a location could be simulated quite well by considering daily meteorological fields from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data in combination with models for natural and anthropogenic sources over Delhi, India. In the present work this possibility is explored by simulating the pollutant concentrations by using forecast fields from an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM); this takes the model closer to a forecast model. Because of the coarse resolution, however, the present work considers an air basin rather than a detailed spatiotemporal distribution. Although the GCM has been tested at a resolution below 50 km, one of the objectives of the present work is to also compare and assess the impacts of a GCM-generated field with reference to NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data used in earlier work. In the present work the interaction is one way, and active chemistry for the species is not considered; thus the work should be regarded as a minimal forecast model, especially for SO2 and NO2. Similarly, although the present work quantifies forecast skill, the skill estimated is again for a minimal configuration as aspects like data assimilation are not considered here. It is shown that the GCM-driven model has skill comparable to skill obtained when using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data.

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“…The paper concludes with some practical implications and challenges for implementing BGI in Dhaka. but in reality, the city-scale imposes immense pressure on ecology and infrastructure with added complications such as fragmented societies, higher inequality, and rising informality [4,5]. Megacities, characterized by numerous decision-making authorities, often struggle to achieve collaboration in solving urban sprawl, land use conversion, and water management problems [6].The rapid process of urbanization in megacities is causing environmental, economic, and social problems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Designing a Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) Network: Toward Water-Sensitive Urban Growth Planning in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Ahmed

Meenar

Alam

2019

Land

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In a warming world, urban environmental stresses are exacerbated by population-increase-induced development of grey infrastructure that usually leaves minimal scope for blue (and green) elements and processes, potentially resulting in mismanagement of stormwater and flooding issues. This paper explores how urban growth planning in the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh can be guided by a blue-green infrastructure (BGI) network that combines blue, green, and grey elements together to provide a multifunctional urban form. We take a three-step approach: First, we analyze the existing spatial morphology to understand potential locations of development and challenges, as well as the types of solutions necessary for water management in different typologies of urban densities. Next, we analyze existing and potential blue and green network locations. Finally, we propose the structural framework for a BGI network at both macro and micro scales. The proposed network takes different forms at different scales and locations and offers different types of flood control and stormwater management options. These can provide directions on Dhaka's future urban consolidation and expansion with a balance of man-made and natural elements and enable environmental, social, spatial, financial, and governance benefits. The paper concludes with some practical implications and challenges for implementing BGI in Dhaka. but in reality, the city-scale imposes immense pressure on ecology and infrastructure with added complications such as fragmented societies, higher inequality, and rising informality [4,5]. Megacities, characterized by numerous decision-making authorities, often struggle to achieve collaboration in solving urban sprawl, land use conversion, and water management problems [6].The rapid process of urbanization in megacities is causing environmental, economic, and social problems. Development has been accompanied by negative consequences for many river systems, including changes in their hydrology and ecology. In recent decades, the increasing frequency of disaster events-including hydro-meteorological disasters-has threatened human lives and infrastructure. One of the most common water-related disasters frequently affecting urban social life, particularly in Asian regions, is flooding [7,8]. Specifically, cities are experiencing pluvial flooding due to increased urbanization and climate change [9][10][11]. Sources of water bodies capable of capturing a significant volume of floodwater are slowly disappearing as the volume of impervious surfaces rapidly escalates. As a result, urban areas are experiencing increasing high pick flow and stormwater runoff incidents that have noticeable adverse effects on social and economic lives [10,12]. Simultaneously, the remaining receiving water bodies have been polluted by mixed stormwater and wastewater, degrading their water quality.In order to address escalating events of environmental dilapidation, resource susceptibilities, booming urban population, and other uncertain impacts from climate chang...

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Megacities and Global Change

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics: The Relevance of an Ancient Disease in Modern Times

Lessons Learned from Historic Plague Epidemics: The Relevance of an Ancient Disease in Modern Times

Evaluation of Forecast Potential with GCM-Driven Fields for Pollution over an Urban Air Basin

Designing a Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) Network: Toward Water-Sensitive Urban Growth Planning in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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